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Conversion of syngas to diesel
Apr-2008
An overview of Fischer-Tropsch technologies for the production of diesel from syngas using a variety of feedstocks
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Tail gas catalyst performance: part 2
Dec-2014
The second part of a two-part account of time and temperature effects on tail gas catalyst performance gives a background to reaction modelling and pilot ...
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Paraffins isomerisation options
Apr-2005
Isomerisation technologies are available, from once-through and deisohexaniser recycle processes to recycle schemes involving molecular separation pro ...
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Developments in hydrotreating catalyst
Sep-2016
How a second generation hydrotreating catalyst was developed for high pressure ultra-low sulphur diesel units and hydrocracker pretreaters.
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Catalyst passivation for safer, more efficient turnarounds
Apr-2018
Eliminating inert entry for catalyst changeout in a hydrocracker. Since hydrotreating and hydrocracking were introduced to the refining industry in the ...
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Hydrocracking catalyst and processing developments
Jul-2009
Improvements to hydrocracking catalyst activity and selectivity at various operational and feedstocks conditions are discussed
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Producing propylene 
glycol from biomass
Mar-2009
Process and catalytic considerations for producing propylene glycol from glycerin-derived biomass sources are compared to current conventional sources, ...
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ZSM-5 additive maximises propylene
Apr-2015
Multi-stage phosphorus treatment improves ZSM-5 zeolite stabilisation and creates more propylene producing acid sites.
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SOx and NOx emission abatement in the FCC
Feb-2018
The complexities of sulphur and nitrogen species formation in the FCC call for tailor made catalyst additive chemistry to limit formation of polluting ...
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Starting up hydrotreating units with cracked feeds
Jan-2013
A catalyst sulphiding process enables the introduction of cracked or heavy feeds to HDS units without the recommended three-day delay following change ...
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Refining/petrochemical integration: a new paradigm
Sep-2013
The global trend in motor fuel consumption favours diesel over gasoline. There is a simultaneous increase in demand for various petrochemicals such as ...
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Processing shale oil in an FCC unit: 
catalyst and profit optimisation
Aug-2015
Adjustments in base catalyst, use of ZSM-5 additives and metal traps enable efficient processing of paraffinic and heavy crude in the presence of metals ...
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Reformer monitoring via in-tube temperature measurement
Apr-2014
A temperature monitoring technology applied to steam reformers in synthesis gas plants provides protection against over-firing plus detailed catalyst ...
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Catalyst addition in ebullated-bed units
Apr-2005
A simple theoretical approach is available for calculating the catalyst metals content, catalyst physical properties and the effect on catalyst activity. ...
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Catalyst selection — a refiner’s perspective
Nov-2015
The refining industry is fortunate to have the catalyst suppliers as our partners. They have been leaders in developing new technology for refining.
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Effect of hydrocarbon partial pressure on FCC propylene production
Jul-2008
Results of cracking experiments are discussed, where the hydrocarbon partial pressure was varied by altering the total reactor pressure, feed rate and ...
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Next-generation BRIM catalyst technology
Jun-2009
The need for high-activity hydroprocessing catalysts continues, with US, European and Asian refiners already supplying their markets with ultra-low-sulphur ...
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Mercury removal from liquid hydrocarbons
Mar-2005
Various methodologies for the measurement of mercury levels in gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons are available, while inorganic routes for mercury removal ...
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Recovering and refining precious metals
Nov-2015
Some factors to consider when choosing a route for recovering precious metals from catalyst.
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Evaluating FCC flue gas emission-control technologies
Jan-2008
Comparing technologies for reducing FCCU flue gas emissions. Special emphasis is placed on selecting cost-effective solutions, particularly in the area ...
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Jan-2006
ZSM-5-based catalysts are being used in FCCUs to increase propylene yields by as much as 15%
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Precious metals catalyst: understanding the technology (ERTC)
Nov-2017
The Catalyst Life-Cycle. The vast majority of petroleum and petrochemical processors use catalysts that contain one or more precious metals such as platinum, ...
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Catalysts for cost effective hydrogen production
Jul-1999
Processes now used in the new generation of hydrogen plants make a wide choice of catalysts necessary in order to meet the requirements of particular ...
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Process and catalysis factors to maximise propylene output
May-2021
Catalyst selection and process design enable a new RFCC unit to maximise propylene production from a range of feeds.
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FCC catalyst coolers in maximum propylene mode
Mar-2012
Catalyst cooling technology for continuous heat removal from the regenerator in maximum propylene operations can avoid damage to FCC catalyst and equi ...
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IMO 2020: meeting the challenge
Sep-2020
Developments in fuel additive technology address challenges and uncertainties raised by the IMO 2020 regulations
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Hydroprocessing routes for flexible residue upgrading
Jan-2022
Efficient and flexible resid processing options maintain profitability and reduce risk when price volatility is high.
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Effect of reactor inlet temperature 
in a hydrotreater
Sep-2018
Solving a problem of pressure drop in a naphtha hydrotreater led to fresh insights into the role of reactor inlet temperature.
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Revamping an integrated hydrocracker and lube base oil unit
Dec-2020
Process and catalytic advances enabled large-scale expansion of an integrated unit to increase fuels and base oil production.
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Co-processing renewable and recyclable feedstocks in the FCC unit
Apr-2022
As new regulations drive refiners to develop more sustainable processes to produce fuels and chemicals, they are exploring co-feeding renewable and recyclable ...
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Anti-fouling additives to improve heavy oil processing
Apr-2023
A continuous pilot testing evaluation shows how magnesium sulphonated-based nano-additive is highly effective in mitigating and reducing upgrader/refinery ...
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Mar-2012
The source of a fouling problem in a FCC CO boiler was identified by systematic analysis of fresh catalysts, additives and equilibrium catalysts
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Catalyst catastrophes in hydrogen plants
Jan-2006
Processing mishaps can occur if catalyst is placed in abnormal conditions. These catastrophes include temperature runaways, the formation of toxic nickel ...
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Understanding FCC feeds and benefits to refinery operation
Apr-2015
In this work, over one hundred FCC feed samples, originating from diverse geographic locations and consisting of assorted FCC refinery streams, were a ...
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Value maximisation in FCC units using multispecialty catalyst formulation
Feb-2023
Increasing propylene yields while reducing bottoms production.
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Simplifying hydrogen production
Jun-2017
Catalyst systems developed for the purification and reforming sections of the hydrogen plant target significant barriers to efficient production.
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SOx and NOx emission abatement in the FCC
Feb-2018
The complexities of sulphur and nitrogen species formation in the FCC call for tailor made catalyst additive chemistry to limit formation of polluting ...
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Catalyst technologies for improved FCC yields
Nov-2017
Boron based nickel passivation enables refiners to reduce contaminant hydrogen and coke production and improve FCC yields.
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Advances in residue hydrocracking
Mar-2018
Recent developments in ebullated bed hydrocracking technology target high residue conversion and high quality products.
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FCC gasoline desulphurisation for Tier 3 sulphur compliance
Sep-2017
FCC gasoline desulphurisation is used widely in refineries around the world. It is growing in importance because of new regulations that require sulphur ...
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The ART of trapping silicon and arsenic
Feb-2013
In an effort to lower costs and improve refining margins, refiners often look for opportunities to purchase lower cost crudes or other feedstocks
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Dec-2016
Feed containing fines, in-organic matter, sludge, rust etc. can cause excessive pressure drop build-up issues in hydroprocessing reactors.
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Developments in hydrotreating catalyst
Sep-2016
How a second generation hydrotreating catalyst was developed for high pressure ultra-low sulphur diesel units and hydrocracker pretreaters.
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Processing shale oil in an FCC unit: 
catalyst and profit optimisation
Aug-2015
Adjustments in base catalyst, use of ZSM-5 additives and metal traps enable efficient processing of paraffinic and heavy crude in the presence of metals ...
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Mercury removal in hydrocarbon streams
Mar-2009
The presence of mercury in refinery hydrocarbon streams results in detrimental effects, including catalyst poisoning, corriosion and safety issues
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Refining/petrochemical integration: a new paradigm
Sep-2013
The global trend in motor fuel consumption favours diesel over gasoline. There is a simultaneous increase in demand for various petrochemicals such as ...
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Increase refinery profitability using Innovative FCC catalysts to process residue feedstock (1)
Oct-2013
Use catalyst fundamentals to select the best catalysts. Globally, around 35% of FCC units’ process predominantly vacuum gasoil (VGO) feedstock and 65% ...
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Shale crudes and FCC: 
a mismatch from heaven?
May-2014
Weighing the effects that the processing of shale oils has on FCC unit operation, such as iron poisoning of FCC catalysts.
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Hydrotreating challenges and opportunities with tight oil
Jan-2015
Tight oil’s contaminant and cold flow challenges require appropriate catalyst treatment systems
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Hydrogen transfer and ZSM-5 in maximising propylene
Apr-2015
Used at high concentrations to maximise propylene from the fluid catalytic cracking unit, ZSM-5 strongly influences a complex matrix of reactions.
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Improved diesel hydrotreating catalyst loading scheme
Mar-2023
A European refiner used an independent catalyst testing approach to confirm their existing hydrotreating unit’s ability to cope with different LCO blending ...
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Reactor runaways - automatic or manual depressuring?
Feb-2023
Recently, I have had several discussions and inquiries regarding reactor runaway events and whether automatic depressuring systems are needed for hydroprocessing ...
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Feb-2023
I have had several suggestions to write about catalyst selection. This is a popular topic in many journals and blogs with some authors taking controversial ...
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Value maximisation in FCC units using multispecialty catalyst formulation
Feb-2023
Increasing propylene yields while reducing bottoms production.
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How can Becht help customers with additive manufacturing
Dec-2022
For more than half a century, Becht has maintained a valued reputation for exceptional innovation, service and partnership solving engineering problems ...
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What makes hydroprocessing different to other refining technologies?
Dec-2022
Most of the people that have worked around refineries for some time, feel that they have mastered the basics of the major refining technologies and feel ...
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An FCC sustainability game changer (ERTC)
Nov-2022
As the post-pandemic world reflects the return of strong demand and profits for oil refined products, there are increased incentives to use FCC premium ...
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Facilitating adoption of carbon capture on fcc flue gas (ERTC)
Nov-2022
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is a key conversion step in gasoline production.
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Mesoporous zeolites deliver catalytic benefits (ERTC)
Nov-2022
Catalytic results make compelling business cases in refining, petrochemicals, and the conversion of methanol, biomass and waste plastics.
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Precious metals: managing the markets in a changing world (ERTC)
Nov-2022
They are still considered very valuable for their appearance, but their expanding technological uses and increasing scarcity mean these elements will continue ...
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Pivoting to chemicals while decarbonising today (ERTC)
Nov-2022
Despite many improvements in vehicle fuel economy, increasing adoption of hybrids and EVs, petroleum-based fuel demand continues to grow, at least in the ...
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Using reactivated hydroprocessing catalysts in TGTUs for financial and sustainability rewards (ERTC)
Nov-2022
For over 40 years, the global petroleum refining industry has successfully been reusing hydroprocessing catalysts through ex situ reactivation, to capitalise ...
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Hydroprocessing catalysts sulphiding with DMDS: Carelflex® Connect brings more than IIoT (ERTC)
Nov-2022
Two years after the launch of its new digital Carelflex® service, Arkema has greatly improved the content of its digital platform known as Carelflex® ...
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Navigating environmental complexities at pace
Nov-2022
Revamping existing hydrogen plants can provide a significant and lasting impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions towards net zero.
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High throughput experimentation meets chlorine chemistry
Nov-2022
A novel high throughput unit designed for the accelerated testing of HCl oxidation catalysts under industrially relevant conditions.
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Economics of refining catalysts
Nov-2022
Risk aversion, such as averting a dual-sourcing catalyst strategy, obstructs improved profit contribution, supply flexibility, adoption, and replication ...
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Rejuvenate profits and support sustainability with reused catalysts
Nov-2022
Rejuvenated catalysts can optimise refinery margins for cat feed hydrotreating (CFH) applications.
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Tools for FCC unit troubleshooting
Nov-2022
Strategies, resources, and technology can help to rapidly identify potential operational problems in FCC units targeted for upgrading and optimisation ...
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Catalyst technologies for enhancing profitability in the energy transition
Oct-2022
Fuels derived from fossil sources have been the dominant global energy vehicle for several decades despite making inroads into alternative fuels.
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Enhancing flexibility in two-stage hydrocrackers
Aug-2022
Shifting markets and refined product priorities compels refiners to find the flexibility for shifting from middle distillate to naphtha for petrochemical ...
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Role of FCC process and catalysts in the energy transition
Aug-2022
In the evolving circular economy, proper leveraging of FCC technology and operations can deliver value for refiners in the decades going forward.
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Adsorbent choices help refiners find safer solutions
Aug-2022
For refiners, selection of the proper adsorbent, or combination of adsorbents, is critical to ensure the removal of all contaminants during olefin (such ...
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A step change in feed nozzle design
Aug-2022
How Shell’s Max Atomisation Feed Nozzle technology can improve FCC unit margins with minimal capital investment, including audited results from three ...
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FCC unit yield improvement with artificial intelligence
Aug-2022
How closed loop neural networks have improved FCC yields via direct control and continuous optimization.