-
Design, operation, and performance of a recently installed wet scrubbing System for Motiva
Jan-1999
The need to reduce SO2 emissions from the FCCU regenerator flue gas is essential for a refinery to minimise its emissions of the pollutant. In 1997 Star ...
-
Securing fuel supply and reducing GHG emissions
Apr-2008
Six strategic options are available to refiners to satisfy future energy and environmental requirements in the light of surging oil prices and public concerns ...
-
The cost of hydrogen production
Apr-2022
Selecting routes to hydrogen production calls for a balance of environmental impact and cost.
-
Driving refining change: Part 1
Jun-2014
A look at how automotive emissions legislation and the drive for energy sustainability are impacting the refining industry.
-
Meeting tighter NOx emissions rules
Jul-2014
A low temperature oxidation technology uses ozone to remove very low levels of nitrogen oxide from refinery gases
-
Jade Ultra-low NOx Tail Gas Thermal Oxidiser Burner
Aug-2012
The Jade burner from UOP Callidus is the first purpose-designed and built Ultra-Low NOx Tail Gas Thermal Oxidiser Burner that delivers ultra-low NOx emissions ...
-
Retrofitting lower emission burners into existing ethylene cracking furnaces
Sep-2014
The increasing supply of global shale gas feedstocks has rekindled interest worldwide in olefins production. Many petrochemical companies are restarting ...
-
May-2006
Environmental agencies have been requiring companies to comply with ever increasing regulations In the oil industry the major air pollutants being addressed ...
-
Monetise off-gases for low cost ammonia
Jan-2015
Cheaper ethane supplies present an opportunity for ammonia production using cracker off-gases
-
Refinery protection with gas detection
Apr-2020
Based on several recent M&A transaction valuations it is fair to say that the price tag of a medium-sized, medium-complexity refinery in Europe is in the ...
-
The age of turbulence: charting a course for refiners to a profitable future
Nov-2012
Relentless turbulence has profoundly affected the global refining landscape in recent years. Moreover, the turmoil is likely to continue unabated in the ...
-
FCCU particulate emissions control for the refinery MACT II standard system
Jan-1999
With the anticipated promulgation of the refinery MACT II standard, many refiners are faced with a significant capital expenditure to achieve compliance ...
-
Rationalisation of and mitigation options for proposed EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0682
Jul-2016
Part 2: Impact on FCC units. In May 2014, the EPA issued EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0682, FRL-9720-4, RIN 2060-AQ75 for review and comment.
-
Driving refining change: part 2
Sep-2014
A look at how automotive emissions legislation and the drive for energy sustainability are impacting the refining industry.
-
Progress in tail gas treatment (TIA)
Oct-2016
The requirement to meet ultra-low SO2 emission standards, even lower than World Bank limits, is becoming more and more prevalent for new natural gas developments ...
-
Air emissions modeling advances for oil and gas production facilities
Oct-2014
Hydrocarbon processing systems and storage tanks are a significant source of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in the United States.
-
Identifying very small 
equipment leaks
Jan-2008
Very small leaks in feed/effluent exchangers can be identified using chemical tracing. This online technique can detect leaks as low as 5.0 ppm, avoiding ...
-
Decarbonisation, electrification and the case for modern electric process heaters
Jul-2020
Companies in liquified natural gas (LNG) and other industries have been taking bold steps to reduce their carbon footprint.
-
Achieving 95% direct CO2 reduction for hydrogen plants
Jun-2022
Decarbonisation solutions targeting existing refinery hydrogen plants enable refiners to achieve long-term CO2 capture while minimising site space requirements ...
-
Thwarting fluid-system leaks, saving energy, reducing leaks
Mar-2008
Fluid leakage costs industry millions of dollars every year. For example, a few small leaks in a facility using air at 100 pounds per square inch gauge ...
-
Reducing emissions while increasing refinery margin
Jul-2023
A chemical heat pump that absorbs energy inside industrial waste heat has the potential to reduce pressure on refinery margin by fluctuating gas, electricity, ...
-
2030 isn’t long off — the future of advanced biofuels (ERTC)
Nov-2020
The use of biofuels is increasing industry-wide due to legislation incentives aimed at producing low greenhouse gas-emitting transport fuels. Feedstock ...
-
Reducing emission treatment costs for gas processors
Mar-2013
Regenerative thermal oxidising abatement technology is effective in amine tail gas treatment operations due to energy-efficient operation and reliabil ...
-
Challenges with carbon disulphide removal in petrochemical naphtha
Aug-2022
Meeting new specifications for removing carbon disulphide in petrochemical naphtha using dividing wall column technology.
-
Petrochemical complex digitalisation for greater efficiency and emissions reduction
Apr-2023
Concepts of automation and data exchange in manufacturing have propelled both upstream and downstream sectors into the 4.0 world, gradually extending to ...
-
Improving CO2 absorber performance in LNG production
Apr-2015
Simulation of deep CO2 removal in LNG and syngas applications, combined with intercooling, maximises effectiveness of piperazine-promoted MDEA solvent ...
-
A broader view to improve 
energy efficiency
May-2017
A project to improve a FCC unit’s energy efficiency took into account surrounding process units to expand opportunities for saving energy and utilit ...
-
Catalyst technologies for enhancing profitability in the energy transition
Oct-2022
Fuels derived from fossil sources have been the dominant global energy vehicle for several decades despite making inroads into alternative fuels.
-
Pivoting to chemicals while decarbonising today (ERTC)
Nov-2022
Despite many improvements in vehicle fuel economy, increasing adoption of hybrids and EVs, petroleum-based fuel demand continues to grow, at least in the ...
-
Sustainable aviation fuel: prepare for take-off!
Nov-2022
Despite the unprecedented drop in global air traffic due to the Covid-19 crisis in the past years, passenger numbers and cargo volumes are anticipated ...
-
Ten easy hacks for heater and combustion engineers
Feb-2023
It’s not possible to run heater simulations out in the field. Here we highlight rules, formulas and easy hacks to help fired heater engineers in their ...
-
Energy saving with tube inserts for heat exchangers
Apr-2023
When it comes to fouling in crude oil preheat trains, tube inserts can maximise heat transfer and reduce heat exchanger fouling, with an average six-month ...
-
Controlling fired process heater emissions to reduce fuel costs and improve air quality
Jan-2007
Historically, refineries have relied on relatively clean fuels for fired process heaters. With these clean fuels, there has been little need for controlling ...
-
Apr-2014
A novel approach to the conversion of hydrogen sulphide to elemental sulphur is expected to extend the economic range for Claus plants.
-
Apr-2009
Major opportunities for energy efficiency and reduction of GHG emissions within a refinery/petrochemical complex are identified. Work process methodology ...
-
Tail gas scrubber sulphur plant by-pass ability aids emergency shutdowns and startups
Nov-2015
From the European Union to the USA, national and international bodies are putting in place increasingly stringent legislation to limit emissions.
-
Challenges in producing BS-VI diesel
Mar-2018
An Indian refiner describes the technical challenges of meeting a leap in
fuel quality specification. -
Retrofitting selective catalytic NOx reduction for gas turbines
Dec-2019
Selective catalytic reduction is an effective alternative to combustion management technologies to achieve NOx compliance with existing and new gas tu ...
-
Mar-1999
More stringent refinery air quality regulations are evolving worldwide, while at the same time refiners are looking to process heavy and sour FCCU (Fluid ...
-
Economic alternatives for controlling particulate and SOx pollutants in refining
Jan-2001
The focus on the reduction of particulate and SO2 emissions in refineries has never been greater. Environmental pressures are leading towards lower and ...
-
FCC additive demonstrations: Part 1
Jul-2004
A review of the issues associated with the FCC additive testing, data collection and analysis required by the US Environmental Protection Agency’s consent ...
-
Report on the Labsorb regenerative SO2 scrubbing system application at the Eni SpA refinery
Nov-2004
We know that for many years refineries in the USA have been addressing reduction of SO2 and Particulate (PM) for both new and existing sources.
-
Refinery CO2 challenges: part III
Jul-2006
For the prediction of CO2 emissions from a refinery, simple correlations are not always sufficient. A rigorous simulation tool that includes fractionation ...
-
Mar-2007
In amine sweetening units, the heat of absorption and VOC and BTEX solubility have been found to vary significantly with acid gas loading, as well as with ...
-
Securing fuel supply and reducing GHG emissions
Apr-2008
Six strategic options are available to refiners to satisfy future energy and environmental requirements in the light of surging oil prices and public concerns ...
-
New roles for FCCU: carbon capture unit and coke gasifier
Jan-2009
Environmental and energy security concerns may evoke new roles for the FCCU in addition to the production of liquid fuels and light olefins. Gasification ...
-
Revamping hydrogen and sulphur plants to meet future challenges
Oct-2009
Revamp opportunities for hydrogen and sulphur plant operations in the era of clean fuels production offer significant benefits for refiners
-
May-2010
Linde Gases is to supply the University of East Anglia (UEA) with a calibration gas at an exceptionally low concentration as part of Project ANDREX.
-
Energy management: raising profitability, reducing CO2 emissions
Oct-2010
Case studies show how lower energy demand via revamps and improved maintenance can save money and abate CO2 emissions in refinery operations
-
Preparing for a future with more stringent NOx emission requirements
Feb-2011
This paper examines what Indian refiners may want to consider today in preparation for a future that may have more stringent NOx emission requirements ...
-
Moving targets: how ever changing air quality regulations are driving process decisions
Jun-2015
Historically, the concern of process engineers was the design and operation of plants to do primarily one thing, efficiently meet product specifications. ...
-
Improving CO2 absorber performance in LNG production
Apr-2015
Simulation of deep CO2 removal in LNG and syngas applications, combined with intercooling, maximises effectiveness of piperazine-promoted MDEA solvent ...
-
Practical flare gas recovery for minimising flaring
Apr-2015
Flares play a critical role as a safety device in refineries, and in most oil and gas producing or processing facilities.
-
Heat recovery from corrosive flue gas
Apr-2015
For improvements to energy efficiency in the petrochemical industry, waste heat recovery from corrosive flue gas is the most cost effective source to ...
-
Catalytic strategies to meet gasoline sulphur limits
Apr-2015
Stricter regulations reducing average gasoline sulphur content will require further reduction of FCC gasoline sulphur
-
Monitoring and controlling emissions 
in Europe
Jan-2015
Implementing the EU’s Industrial Emissions Directive calls for quality and consistency in technologies for monitoring and controlling emissions.
-
High sulphur recovery with ease 
of operation
Jan-2015
A process performing sulphur recovery and tail gas treatment in two catalytic reactor units exceeded guaranteed recovery limits from start-up.
-
Monetise off-gases for low cost ammonia
Jan-2015
Cheaper ethane supplies present an opportunity for ammonia production using cracker off-gases
-
Air emissions modeling advances for oil and gas production facilities
Oct-2014
Hydrocarbon processing systems and storage tanks are a significant source of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in the United States.
-
Preventing emissions in coke removal
Oct-2014
A closed, automated coke removal system aims for gains in environmental, economic and safety performance
-
Retrofitting lower emission burners into existing ethylene cracking furnaces
Sep-2014
The increasing supply of global shale gas feedstocks has rekindled interest worldwide in olefins production. Many petrochemical companies are restarting ...
-
Driving refining change: part 2
Sep-2014
A look at how automotive emissions legislation and the drive for energy sustainability are impacting the refining industry.
-
Economic alternative for remote and stranded natural gas and ethane in the US
Aug-2014
The recent abundance of natural gas in widespread locations of the US has resulted in many resources being remote or stranded, creating the need for economical ...
-
Meeting tighter NOx emissions rules
Jul-2014
A low temperature oxidation technology uses ozone to remove very low levels of nitrogen oxide from refinery gases
-
Driving refining change: Part 1
Jun-2014
A look at how automotive emissions legislation and the drive for energy sustainability are impacting the refining industry.
-
A few sweet tricks for sour gas
May-2014
Large volumes of acid gas (H2S and SO2-rich gas) are generated from various technologies used to sweeten sour off-gases, or acid gas.
-
Engineering a better flaring solution in the Middle East
May-2014
It is not uncommon for new operational regulations and initiatives to present a serious challenge to the preferred practices of the hydrocarbon indust ...
-
Gasoline production in the age of shale oil, renewable fuel mandates, and tier 3 regulations
Apr-2014
The North American shale oil production surge has provided North American refiners with a seemingly bounty of high quality crudes.
-
HCN and NOx control strategies 
in the FCC
Apr-2014
Results of research into emissions from the FCC, plus guidance on how to obtain the minimum level of NOx.
-
Apr-2014
A novel approach to the conversion of hydrogen sulphide to elemental sulphur is expected to extend the economic range for Claus plants.
-
Dynamics of operation for flare systems
Apr-2014
Detailed studies of problems with flaring performance led a refinery to define and implement a scheme for optimum flare performance
-
Field experience with a Claus furnace checker wall
Jan-2014
A new design of Claus furnace checker wall delivers improved mechanical performance and process flow characteristics.
-
Optimising hydrogen sulphide scavenging
Jan-2014
Selecting the right hydrogen sulphide scavenger is important, but appropriate treatment setup and tailored monitoring procedures are key to avoiding o ...
-
There are more roads that lead to Rome. Which is the best route for you?
Dec-2013
In our modern society the need for energy is still increasing in a rapid pace, with expectations that hydrocarbon fuels production will have to almost ...
-
Wet scrubbing modifications to 
reduce emissions
Oct-2013
Modifications to existing wet scrubbing systems for FCC units can readily be made to achieve additional reductions in particulates, SO2 or NOx.