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Improved product yields and attrition resistance using ResidCrackeR FCC catalyst at Bayernoil
Nov-2011
High catalyst losses from the FCC unit can have considerable consequences for refineries, such as contamination of slurry oil, erosion of slurry circulation ...
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Gasoline and diesel imbalances in the Atlantic Basin: part II
Oct-2011
Options to re-orientate a refinery’s production towards middle distillates. European refineries currently produce a surplus of gasoline and insufficient ...
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Low-cost methods to improve FCCU energy efficiency
Jul-2000
The first step to finding low-cost ways of improving FCC unit efficiency under new environmental regulations is to determine the true limits of the existing ...
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Optimising FCC unit performance
Feb-2004
Additive currently used in several FCC units increases conversion and gasoline yield without exceeding coke or gas limits. The resulting operating flexibility ...
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Jul-2006
Benchmarking is an important tool in routine FCC data evaluations. It can be used to validate unit data as well as identify areas for improved perform ...
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Troubleshooting standpipe aeration
Sep-2016
Standpipe aeration plays a critical role in smooth catalyst circulation in the riser and reactor of a FCC unit. A refiner details guidelines for effective ...
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ULSD production: improved feed stream quality
Apr-2003
Much of hydrotreater revamp investment costs in future will be in dealing with the most difficult-to-remove sulphur species, because of their low reaction ...
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Evaluation of a low rare earth resid FCC catalyst
Mar-2012
A zero rare earth catalyst blended with a rare earth-based resid catalyst enabled a refinery to reduce its FCC catalyst rare earth requirement by 80%
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Jul-2019
New catalyst technologies and technical service support helped a refiner overcome difficulties with VGO conversion.
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Advances in FCC catalyst performance
Oct-2010
Upgraded manufacturing processes have produced an FCC catalyst with increased gasoline yield and high hydrothermal stability at high severity operatio ...
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Fluidised catalytic cracker hydrotreater revamp
Apr-2004
Primary revamp of reactors, exchangers and other FCC pretreater components provided return on investment for a complex refining facility
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Improving solids handling in a delayed coker
Jul-2011
A reliability model applied to a coke handling system demonstrates the benefits of compliance with a preventive maintenance programme
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Analytics to identify FCC trends
Oct-2015
Robust gasoline demand since the beginning of 2015 has defied expectations. In spite of on-going talks of ‘dieselisation’ in the transportation fuel ...
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Reducing NOx emissions from an FCC unit (TIA)
Aug-2018
Refinery processes account for a considerable share of the overall emissions of air pollutants in Europe. The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is the ...
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Technology for propylene boosting in steamcrackers
Mar-2003
Integration of steamcracker C4/C5 components with a fixed-bed fluid catalytic-cracking reactor employing a shape-selective heterogeneous zeolytic ZSM-5 ...
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Removal of NOx from FCCU regenerator vent gases
Apr-1997
Design of FCCUs has traditionally been aimed at optimising process yields and heat recovery, but legislation on emissions from refineries requires changed ...
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FCC unit revamps at minimum cost
Oct-2016
Selective modifications for FCC unit revamps can deliver the best return 
on investment
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FCC additive demonstrations Part 2
Oct-2004
An overview of additive technology for reducing SOx and NOx emissions, and a review of CO combustion promoter technology and performance at a refiner ...
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Improving FCC unit profitability
Aug-2017
Upgrading the FCC catalyst and additive system enabled a refiner to increase olefins production with lower bottoms to coke and no increase in dry gas.
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Jan-2007
Gamma scanning is a powerful tool that can be used to determine the cause of flooding and regain column efficiency. Debutaniser capacity and performance ...
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Feb-2009
Plant data show how an FCCU’s propylene yield is maximised while minimising its dry gas and slurry yield at a CEPSA refinery
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Continuous innovation for residue FCC catalyst technology
Jun-2015
Although Tight Oil has captured the attention of the world and changed the landscape of North American refining, resid type feeds continue to play a key ...
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Pre-treatment improves FCC performance
Feb-2004
Feedstock hydrotreatment catalyst provides improved HDS and HDN activity at various unit operating pressures
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Pushing the limits of FCC gasoline desulphurisation
Jul-2016
The goal of FCC gasoline desulphurisation to desulphurise FCC gasoline with minimum octane loss. The process uses conventional naphtha hydrotreating and ...
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Maximising FCC distillate production
Feb-2010
A novel catalyst manufacturing process forms matrix material and zeolite in a single step. Trials indicate high matrix stability and low sodium conten ...
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FCC additive demonstrations Part 2
Oct-2004
An overview of additive technology for reducing SOx and NOx emissions, and a review of CO combustion promoter technology and performance at a refiner ...
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The fastest route to higher octanes
May-2016
The refinery octane pool is balanced and determined by the aggregate performance of multiple process units.
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Cracking furnace design by computer application
Apr-2000
Examples of how a technique known as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been employed to improve and optimise the design of the cracking furnace. The ...
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Role of advances in FCC catalyst technology
Jan-2003
Sulphur-reducing chemistry that preserves gasoline yield and minimises octane loss while avoiding cut point penalties can help meet clean fuel specifications ...
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Apr-2005
The detrimental effect of nickel and vanadium in forming contaminant coke and hydrogen can be reduced via appropriate passivation technology
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Amino acid-based refinery gas treatment
Feb-2006
Use of gasoline sulphur reduction catalyst technology in refinery applications is discussed. Marathon Petroleum Company LLC (MPC) operates an FCC (fluidised ...
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Troubleshooting ZSM-5 in the FCC
Feb-2006
While using a ZSM-5 additive to increase propylene, one refiner experienced increases in FCC dry gas, coke and slurry oil, even at a reduced temperatu ...
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Jul-2006
Benchmarking is an important tool in routine FCC data evaluations. It can be used to validate unit data as well as identify areas for improved perform ...
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Evaluating FCC flue gas emission-control technologies
Jan-2008
Comparing technologies for reducing FCCU flue gas emissions. Special emphasis is placed on selecting cost-effective solutions, particularly in the area ...
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Effect of hydrocarbon partial pressure on FCC propylene production
Jul-2008
Results of cracking experiments are discussed, where the hydrocarbon partial pressure was varied by altering the total reactor pressure, feed rate and ...
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FCC fundamentals: turnaround best practices
Apr-2009
Basic procedures and activities are presented for the unit engineer and other support personnel, designed to ensure a successful and safe 
FCC t ...
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Strategies for increasing production of light cycle oil
Oct-2009
Refineries should consider several strategies, including recycle and enhanced catalyst activity, to increase LCO output from the FCCU while minimising ...
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Maximising FCC distillate production
Feb-2010
A novel catalyst manufacturing process forms matrix material and zeolite in a single step. Trials indicate high matrix stability and low sodium conten ...
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Reducing sulphur oxide emissions from the FCC unit
Feb-2010
Application of a SOx-reduction additive enabled a refiner to meet a pressing requirement to reduce emissions from its FCCU
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FCC catalyst optimisation in response to rare earth prices
Oct-2011
Lower levels of rare-earth catalyst formulations offset higher raw material costs, but refiners must consider the effects on catalyst performance and ...
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Catalyst additives reduce rare earth costs
Jan-2012
Catalyst additive technologies help to control rare earth costs in fresh FCC catalyst additions and in SOx capture
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Enhanced bottoms cracking and process flexibility with Midas FCC catalyst
Jan-2013
This premium bottoms cracking FCC catalyst family is formulated with advanced zeolite stabilisation technology plus matrix metals passivation technology, ...
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New catalyst increases FCC distillate yield
Mar-2013
A FCC trial with a new residue maximum distillate catalyst provided an improved yield structure at a similar fresh catalyst addition rate and rare earth ...
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Combining mesoporosity with metals tolerance for residue upgrading in FCC
Jul-2013
This article highlights the performance of Grace resid FCC catalysts with a range of zeolite-to-matrix (Z/M) ratios, optimised mesoporosity and metals ...
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Multistage reaction catalyst with advanced metals tolerance
Oct-2013
The metal trapping capabilities of a catalyst gave a refiner greater flexibility to upgrade heavy residue feed with increased metals content in its RFCC ...
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Jul-2014
Residue and shale oil feeds often contain high levels of contaminants that can create a number of challenges for refiners today.
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GSR the only proven FCC catalysts and additives for gasoline sulphur reduction
May-2015
Grace GSR® technologies: D-PriSM®, SuRCA®, and GSR® 5, are the result of nearly two decades of innovation. GSR has been used in over 100 FCC units ...
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Catalyst trial for maximum conversion FCC (TIA)
Oct-2016
Fluidised catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst technology is continuously innovating, with suppliers introducing a couple of new catalyst technologies to ...
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FCC additive technology for SOx reduction
Nov-2019
Advances in metal dispersion and structure delivered a SOx reduction additive that is driving down refiners’ FCC emission levels.
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Implementing advanced technologies for crude to chemicals projects (ERTC)
Dec-2019
According to the IEA, already a major component of the global energy system, the importance of petrochemicals is continuing to grow.
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Jul-2014
Residue and shale oil feeds often contain high levels of contaminants that can create a number of challenges for refiners today.
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Shale crudes and FCC: 
a mismatch from heaven?
May-2014
Weighing the effects that the processing of shale oils has on FCC unit operation, such as iron poisoning of FCC catalysts.
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The unconventional gas revolution
May-2014
Natural gas has proven to be a clean burning, flexible fuel which has gained global acceptance as a preferred choice in the energy fuel mix.
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HCN and NOx control strategies 
in the FCC
Apr-2014
Results of research into emissions from the FCC, plus guidance on how to obtain the minimum level of NOx.
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Maximising distillate while 
minimising bottoms
Apr-2014
An FCC catalyst with reduced resistance to diffusion raises diesel output without the traditional bottoms penalty
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Optimising hydroprocessing 
catalyst systems
Apr-2014
Flexibility in catalyst technology and processing tactics optimises hydrocracker and ULSD operations to meet diesel and gasoil production targets
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Capturing maximum value with tight oil feeds in the FCC
Apr-2014
FCCs processing tight oil feeds require catalyst choices to deal with higher conversion, heat balance concerns, and higher sodium, calcium and iron.
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Zeolite based dryers in ethylene plants
Apr-2014
A review of the role and nature of adsorbent dryers in the production of ethylene by steam cracking. Steam cracking represents more than 95% of ethylene ...
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Catalytic solutions for processing shale oils in the FCC
Apr-2014
Monetising tight oils requires suppression of unconventional metals contamination and gas formation, and adherence to flexible catalyst functionality
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Role of FCC catalyst in refinery profitability
Jan-2014
By switching to a rare earth-free FCC catalyst, a refiner raised its output of premium grade gasoline and increased its operating margin
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Consider multivariate statistical modelling to maximise FCC unit profitability
Nov-2013
Process models(a) and simulation(b) can be used to simulate the fluidised-bed catalytic cracking (FCC) unit process, kinetic or multivariate statistical ...
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Strategies for improved naphtha processing
Oct-2013
To take advantage of dilbit from Alberta and light oils from shale formations, refiners must develop a strategy for processing additional naphthas and ...
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Towards a zero gasoline production refinery: part 2
Oct-2013
Refinery configurations can suit various processing objectives, such as variations to the propylene-to-ethylene ratio and production of middle distillates ...
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Increase refinery profitability using Innovative FCC catalysts to process residue feedstock (1)
Oct-2013
Use catalyst fundamentals to select the best catalysts. Globally, around 35% of FCC units’ process predominantly vacuum gasoil (VGO) feedstock and 65% ...
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Multistage reaction catalyst with advanced metals tolerance
Oct-2013
The metal trapping capabilities of a catalyst gave a refiner greater flexibility to upgrade heavy residue feed with increased metals content in its RFCC ...
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The importance of using pilot plant testing for FCC catalyst selection
Aug-2013
In the EMEA region, over 65% of refineries perform catalyst testing prior to selecting FCC catalysts for their units.
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Combining mesoporosity with metals tolerance for residue upgrading in FCC
Jul-2013
This article highlights the performance of Grace resid FCC catalysts with a range of zeolite-to-matrix (Z/M) ratios, optimised mesoporosity and metals ...
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Towards a zero gasoline production refinery: part 1
Jul-2013
Integrating products from the steam cracker, aromatics complex and FCC unit to produce petrochemicals without gasoline may offer more attractive margi ...
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HCN emissions in fluid catalytic cracking
Apr-2013
Increased attention to refinery emissions of hydrogen cyanide requires detailed understanding of its formation and conversion in the FCC regenerator
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Naphtha catalytic cracking for propylene production
Mar-2013
Investment in on-purpose propylene production technology based on 
naphtha-based feedstock is taking on various process configurations
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Advances in FCC pretreatment catalysis
Mar-2013
Performance data for a new FCC pretreat catalyst show a substantial advance in HDS and HDN activity
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New catalyst increases FCC distillate yield
Mar-2013
A FCC trial with a new residue maximum distillate catalyst provided an improved yield structure at a similar fresh catalyst addition rate and rare earth ...
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Predicting FCC unit performance with laboratory testing
Mar-2013
Proper simulation of e-cat and reaction conditions is critical for modelling future FCC unit operations
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Enhanced bottoms cracking and process flexibility with Midas FCC catalyst
Jan-2013
This premium bottoms cracking FCC catalyst family is formulated with advanced zeolite stabilisation technology plus matrix metals passivation technology, ...
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Jan-2013
Poor-quality crude oils and strict environmental regulations promote the use of technologies that favour energy savings and environmental protection