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Tackling tighter emissions rules
Jun-2016
A review of the options to raise sulphur emissions performance to meet China’s tightening regulations.
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Ultra low sulphur analysis in liquid petroleum using MWDXRF
Jan-2018
Tougher regulations are challenging refiners to produce higher quality products while trying to maximise efficiency.
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Optimal processing scheme for producing pipeline quality gas
Feb-2017
Exploring processing line-ups for optimal design of sour gas processing plants. The gas processing plant must be a ‘fit-for-purpose’ design, meeting ...
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Oxygen enrichment and tube sheet protection (TIA)
Apr-2015
In sulphur recovery units (SRU), adequate protection of the waste heat boiler (WHB) tube sheet is needed. Many protection systems have failed either due ...
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Claus waste heat boiler economics Part 1: process considerations
Feb-2019
The design of the waste heat boiler has a critical role to play in determining process operations, reliability and economic performance in the sulphur ...
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Corrosion control in ethylene plants
Apr-2022
Treatment concepts for corrosion control in ethylene production by steam cracking of hydrocarbons
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The cost of hydrogen production
Apr-2022
Selecting routes to hydrogen production calls for a balance of environmental impact and cost.
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Dealing with depleting sour gas reserves Part 2
Oct-2015
Gas plants in western Canada will have to evaluate their sulphur recovery units for future turndown operation as sour gas production falls.
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Unload the SRU to reduce plugging problems and operating costs
May-2015
A crude oil refinery may need additional sulphur recovery capacity for any of a combination of reasons:
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As cold as ice, liquefying LNG beyond the arctic circle
Aug-2013
Building a low-carbon economy is one of the great challenges of our time. In order to protect the climate, the world needs clean energy and natural gas ...
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Jan-2016
2015 was highlighted by a crude oversupply of 1.3 million b/d, which played a part in keeping oil prices at a low level, fluctuating between $40 and $60/bbl. ...
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Designing trays for selective gas treating
Oct-2010
Field data from eight gas treating plants show how tray design parameters can be selected to improve contactor performances
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Monetise off-gases for low cost ammonia
Jan-2015
Cheaper ethane supplies present an opportunity for ammonia production using cracker off-gases
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Technology selection for a natural gas plant
May-2019
Selecting equipment for a sulphur block requires balancing technical performance and costs, as well as local conditions and regulations.
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Flexible thinking for capital projects
Jun-2017
Conventional project planning and execution may not be the best approach for gas treating and sulphur recovery installations.
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Choosing tower internals for LNG, shale gas and tail gas treating
Mar-2013
It is well known that for best performance, tail gas treating requires the utmost in selectivity. Shale gas often contains a small amount of H2S in a much ...
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Start-up and shutdown issues in sulphur processing
Nov-2020
Knowing the limitations of the sulphur unit and what may occur during start-ups and shutdowns helps to prevent damage.
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Progress in tail gas treatment (TIA)
Oct-2016
The requirement to meet ultra-low SO2 emission standards, even lower than World Bank limits, is becoming more and more prevalent for new natural gas developments ...
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Using process simulators will make your plant more productive and efficient
Mar-2005
The use of process simulators to model plant operations can provide a plant hundreds of thousands of dollars each year in increased production and lower ...
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Jul-2009
As the process industry contemplates future availability of hydrocarbon feedstocks, shale gas could provide an added option to its mix of sources
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Identifying very small 
equipment leaks
Jan-2008
Very small leaks in feed/effluent exchangers can be identified using chemical tracing. This online technique can detect leaks as low as 5.0 ppm, avoiding ...
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Troubleshooting amine plants 
using mass transfer rate-based simulation tools
Feb-2007
Computer simulation models are indispensable tools for designing and troubleshooting amine gas treating plants. These models, especially ones based on ...
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Cleaning amine units cost effectively
May-2021
Heat stable salts are dissolved or avoided by chemical products and cleaning methods during operations and turnarounds.
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How can waves significantly impact the performance of an amine unit installed on a FLNG?
Oct-2016
Among the challenges to overcome and complete successfully a FLNG project, the design of the acid gas removal unit might be of great importance: the experts ...
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Reducing emission treatment costs for gas processors
Mar-2013
Regenerative thermal oxidising abatement technology is effective in amine tail gas treatment operations due to energy-efficient operation and reliabil ...
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Regenerable tail gas treatment
Nov-2016
Cost assessment of tail gas treating technologies that recycle H2S or SO2 to the Claus unit.
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Operational feedback from the Nkossa Drizo gas dehydration unit offshore Congo
Mar-2017
For more than 15 years the NKossa barge has been in operation offshore Congo. Design of the facility was to perform deep NGL recovery from the associated ...
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Unlocking the potential of existing gas processing assets through solvent swaps
Aug-2017
Given the global challenges of investing in new gas-processing capital projects, unlocking the potential of existing operating facilities through selective ...
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Compact modular sulphur recovery solutions
Oct-2017
Prosernat has been awarded a contract for the delivery of modular Sulphur Recovery Units (SRUs) for an Early Production Facility (EPF) project in Middle ...
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Gas analysis in petrochemical production
Jun-2020
Accurate gas analysis is critical in the production of PTA. Purified terephthalic acid (PTA) is, together with ethylene glycol, a key component in the ...
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Using physical solvent in multiple applications
Apr-2012
A physical solvent’s properties and versatility in a variety of flow schemes for energy-efficient gas treating in a range of applications are discus ...
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Extending the treatment of highly sour gases: cryogenic distillation
Jan-2014
Cryogenic bulk removal of H2S or CO2 offers an economic advantage when the separated acid gases from super sour gas are re-injected
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How to select best meg recovery unit’s configuration?
Sep-2014
The formation of hydrates in deep sea natural gas tie-back lines had been traditionally inhibited by injecting Triethylene Glycol (TEG) or Methanol at ...
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Jun-2018
The natural gas industry has some way to go to make its full contribution to climate change targets.
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Handling mercury in gas processing plants
May-2017
Advances in the safe treatment and disposal of mercury in gaseous and liquid streams.
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Nov-2005
A review of improvements to the Shan Shan LNG processing facilities, ranging from gas treatment and liquefaction with a single mixed refrigerant cycle ...
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Better alkanolamine system operations through chemical analysis
Sep-2010
You can have better operating amine and glycol systems. An alkanolamine acid gas scrubbing system is an elegantly simple concept.
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Conversion of natural 
gas to liquid fuels
Apr-2009
Companies aiming to bring gas to liquids projects to the 
commercial stage have encountered variable success
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Risks of accumulated sulphur in sulphur recovery unit
Aug-1998
Follow-up data to an October 1997 article proves with refinery experience that caustic neutralisation does not improve system operations
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Improved predictions for amine sweetening facilities
Oct-2001
A review of the work that has been done to avoid the severe problems that benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene can impose on sulphur recovery ass ...
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Contaminants and their effects on operations
May-2003
You can have better operating amine and glycol systems, gas processing plants encounter a variety of operational problems in their amine and glycol un ...
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Analysis and prediction of hydrocarbon dew points and liquids in gas transmission lines
Mar-2006
The occurrence of liquid hydrocarbons in natural gas transmission lines has increased in recent years as a result of the shrinking price spread between ...
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Jul-2009
As the process industry contemplates future availability of hydrocarbon feedstocks, shale gas could provide an added option to its mix of sources
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Optimization and throughput opportunities at PTT PLC’s amine plant
Jun-2015
Removal of CO2 from natural gas is a necessary treating step before cryogenic processing. At the PTT Public Limited Company Gas Processing Plant 5, the ...
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Improved feedstocks for ethane crackers
Jul-2015
Cryogenic recovery technology enables wet shale gas to become a valuable source of liquids for petrochemicals production.
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A comparison of physical solvents for acid gas removal
Mar-2008
Physical solvents such as DEPG (Selexol or Coastal AGR), NMP or N-Methyl-2- Pyrrolidone (Purisol), Methanol (Rectisol), Propylene Carbonate (Fluor Solvent) ...
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Laser based analysis for thermal incinerators
Nov-2019
An analyser design based on a tunable diode laser aims for more reliable and cost-effective combustion measurement in sulphur removal operations
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Extending the treatment of highly sour gases: part 1
Oct-2013
The removal of acid gas components from highly or super-sour gases requires the optimum choice of process
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Optimise the route to emissions compliance
Aug-2017
Increasingly stringent SO2 emission regulations may demand smart and 
cost-effective alternatives to generic amine based tail gas treating units ...
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Amine purification system to increase crude processing
Jul-2002
Bringing amine system contaminants down to low levels has reduced operational problems.Refiners experience increased throughput of sour crude by continuously ...
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Mericon: A practical low-cost solution to spent caustics treating
Apr-2013
Refining and petrochemical operations often generate various spent caustic streams that are “high strength” and require pre-treatment before processing ...
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Formulated solvent reduces shale gas processing costs
Apr-2013
A gas treating facility is upgraded to a formulated solvent to achieve reduced operating costs compared with operations using a commodity amine blend
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Simulation of the Benfield HiPure process of natural gas sweetening for LNG production
Apr-2013
Achieving specifications given by customers, including pipeline-operating companies, LNG storage facilities, and gas-processing plants requires the removal ...
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Apr-2013
A careful evaluation of the options for removing mercury from natural gas plant feed and product streams is a prudent exercise
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Solubility of hydrocarbons and light ends in amines
Apr-2013
Modelling procedures predict with considerable certainty what the expected hydrocarbon content of an amine solution in a gas processing plant ought to ...
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Cracking hydrocarbon feedstock with a heavy tail
Mar-2013
The introduction of a vapour/liquid separation step allows for the efficient removal of a heavy tail from the furnace convection section
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Shale gas feeds petrochemical expansion
Mar-2013
North American ethylene capacity is set to increase significantly with new crackers coming online after 2016, plus higher production of propylene and other ...
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Reducing emission treatment costs for gas processors
Mar-2013
Regenerative thermal oxidising abatement technology is effective in amine tail gas treatment operations due to energy-efficient operation and reliabil ...
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Choosing tower internals for LNG, shale gas and tail gas treating
Mar-2013
It is well known that for best performance, tail gas treating requires the utmost in selectivity. Shale gas often contains a small amount of H2S in a much ...
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Modular design of smaller-scale GTL plants
Jan-2013
Modularisation is opening up opportunities for GTL plants to monetise small-scale natural gas deposits both on- and offshore
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Jan-2013
Revamping a VDU’s vacuum system delivered operational improvements in a refinery, but also led to safer and more efficient handling of non-condensed ...
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Valuable liquids from refinery gases
Oct-2012
With appropriate treatment schemes, refinery off-gases can be valuable sources of olefins and hydrogen
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Amine plant corrosion reduced by removal of bicine
Jun-2012
Bicine, an amino acid, has been found in numerous amine gas treating systems including tail gas treating units, certain refinery services, and some natural ...
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Comparison of ideal stage and mass transfer models for separation processes
Apr-2012
The design and optimisation of separation processes is carried out using process simulators that utilise various calculation approaches. Two techniques ...
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Using physical solvent in multiple applications
Apr-2012
A physical solvent’s properties and versatility in a variety of flow schemes for energy-efficient gas treating in a range of applications are discus ...
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A new approach to treating shale gases
Apr-2012
Shale gas can be challenging to treat, but mass transfer rate-based simulation and appropriate tower internals can make it no harder to treat than other ...
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GTL adds value to gas production
Apr-2012
Distributed GTL plants could provide economic monetisation of shale gas, associated gas and stranded gas
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Solutions for the treatment of highly 
sour gases
Apr-2012
Process technologies for the cost-effective treatment of natural gas with high and ultra-high acid gas content
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Micromachined gas chromatography for gas plants
Apr-2012
Onsite gas chromatography is available to troubleshoot, optimise, debottleneck and help identify energy savings in natural gas plants
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Combating the threat of mercury
Mar-2012
Emerging legally binding action on mercury emissions highlights the importance of monitoring and quantifying emissions from gas operations
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Gases: identifying hazards and mitigating risks
Feb-2012
Although critical for the operation of refineries and petrochemical plants, industrial gases can be associated with a spectrum of possible hazards and ...
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Continuous removal of contaminants from amine solutions
Oct-2011
A continuous purification system overcomes amine degradation and the formation of corrosion-promoting heat stable amine salts
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Sour water: where it comes from and how to handle it
Sep-2011
Sour water strippers are common in gas processing facilities, sulphur recovery units, wellhead facilities, and refinery applications. Understanding the ...
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Dividing wall column technology as a way of removing benzene from refinery gasoline streams
May-2011
The primary separation method in the petrochemical industry is distillation, or fractionation, which is an energy-intensive process.
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Apr-2011
Fibre optic distributed temperature sensing has several advantages over conventional real-time data sensors in cryogenic leak detection at LNG termina ...