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Mar-2011
Developments in catalyst and internals technologies exploit the flexibility of
the ULSD unit. The economic incentive to produce diesel is substantial ... -
Oil-to-chemicals: new approaches
Jul-2020
A review of developments and trends in the expanding business of oil-to-chemicals.
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Apr-2021
An alumina-supported catalyst for ULSD production or hydrocracking pretreat provides longer catalyst cycles, higher throughput, and better product qua ...
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Upgrading FCC catalyst performance (TIA)
Jul-2016
A US refiner processing crude from the Permian Basin, including both sweet (WTI) and sour (WTS) crude oil, underwent a major FCC turnaround in 2014.
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Calcium containing feedstock processing
Jun-2016
Development of a FCC catalyst/additive combination with high tolerance to calcium contamination from lower cost feedstock
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Enabling increased production of diesel
Mar-2011
A flexible approach features developments in selective catalysts for middle distillates and less conventional production routes based on biomass
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Cloud point and hydrotreating relationships
Jul-2014
There is a complex interaction between dewaxing and hydrotreating in ultra low sulphur diesel applications
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Increase refinery profitability using Innovative FCC catalysts to process residue feedstock (1)
Oct-2013
Use catalyst fundamentals to select the best catalysts. Globally, around 35% of FCC units’ process predominantly vacuum gasoil (VGO) feedstock and 65% ...
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Building robust hydroprocessing operations
Jun-2017
Advances in catalyst technology enable refiners to maximise profitability by processing opportunity crudes and running heavier feeds.
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FCC SOx additives and security of supply
Jun-2021
Rare earth prices could accelerate again as a result of trade tensions.
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Maximise distillate yield to meet growing market demand
Jun-2012
Despite a mild winter thus far, industry analysts forecast ULSD demand growth in the second half of 2012. This is in part due to global demand growth for ...
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A refinery study of FCC vs Gasolfin for naphtha cracking into propylene (ERTC)
Nov-2017
European refineries have experienced challenging market conditions over the past decade. Between 2008 and 2013, European refining capacity decreased by ...
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Nektor-ULCC case study at 
Total Antwerp
Apr-2010
Successful application of the Nektor-ULCC FCC catalyst in the Total Antwerp FCC 1 unit
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Improved SOx reduction in partial burn FCC
Nov-2021
Refinery applications of a new additive demonstrate improved SOx reduction performance in partial burn FCC operation
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Testing and experience in FCC 
catalyst selection
Jul-2015
Resolving differences between test results and unit experience in FCC 
catalyst selection
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Next generation BRIM catalysts
Mar-2010
Five years following the launch of the first BRIM* technology, Haldor Topsoe recently commercialised the next generation BRIM catalysts made with improved ...
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Ring-shaped catalysts make the grade
Feb-2010
Shape-optimised topping materials, together with ring-shaped hydroprocessing catalyst, provide a solution for units that are pressure drop limited
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Enhancing bottoms cracking and 
process flexibility
Oct-2014
Catalyst designed with advanced zeolite stabilisation technology provides selective conversion of heavy FCC feed molecules
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Shaping up hydrotreating performance (TIA)
Jan-2017
A fine balance of activity and pressure drop has long created a challenge when considering the maximisation of performance for hydroprocessing and hydrocracking ...
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Renewable Identification Numbers, sulphur credit pricing and economics
Dec-2020
Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) are credits used to certify compliance with the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) which requires certain minimum volumes ...
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Increased margin from updated internals and catalyst
Jul-2016
A low cost hydrocracker revamp delivered extra value to a refinery by increasing diesel yield, cycle length and safety.
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Gasoline and diesel imbalances in the Atlantic Basin Part 1: market outlook
Apr-2011
The European refining industry is coping with declining domestic demand while the imbalance between product supply and market demand persists, in particular ...
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Getting the maximum from hydroprocessing reactors
Oct-2001
Recent advances in hydrotreater catalyst formulations mean that, with careful attention to distributor design and other mass transfer improvements, it ...
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Preventing environmental excursions on the FCC unit
Jul-2011
Guidelines to enable the FCC engineer to identify and eliminate the root cause of unexpected flue gas emissions
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Predicting future FCC operations 
via analytics
Oct-2014
Data analysis enables a company to take advantage of patent information to unveil underlining development trends for formulating technology strategies ...
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Alternative routes to paraxylene production
Apr-2004
An integrated refining and petrochemical approach to paraxylene manufacture from various feedstocks, such as excess aromatics in reformate or pyrolysis ...
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Adding value to FCC operations
Feb-2005
Case studies show how a distributed matrix structure-based additive enables the conversion of low-valued heavy-cycle oil and slurry into gasoline and ...
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Increasing propylene for the petrochemical market
Apr-2005
Increasing FCC propylene with shape-selective additives minimises the impact on unit process conditions and equipment
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Bayernoil mild hydrocracker CATnap application
May-2012
On 21 January, Bayernoil, Neustadt, successfully shut down the mild hydrocracker (MHC) using the CATnap catalyst passivation process applied by Cat Tech ...
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Maximise yields of high-quality diesel
Jun-2012
Global growth in distillate demand has driven refiners to investigate ways to increase middle distillate yields. Figure 1 shows the diesel-gasoline spot ...
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A method for crude oil selection and blending optimisation based on Improved Cuckoo Search algorithm
Mar-2014
Refineries often need to find similar crude oil to replace the scarce crude oil for stabilising the feedstock property. We introduced the method for calculation ...
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Tail gas catalyst performance: part 1
Jul-2014
The first part of a two-part account of time and temperature effects on tail gas catalyst performance provides a background to reaction modelling and pilot ...
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Residue hydrocracking for 
value addition
Jul-2014
Chevron Lummus Global worked closely with a private refiner in China to define a processing scheme that would upgrade low value, opportunistic feedstocks ...
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SOx additives for tight oils (TIA)
Oct-2015
Many refineries use SOx additives to control flue gas SOx emissions. Worldwide there are vast differences in limits for SOx emissions.
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Apr-2016
A sandwich catalyst system has given the additional activity needed to process difficult feed in a hydrotreater.
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Progress in tail gas treatment (TIA)
Oct-2016
The requirement to meet ultra-low SO2 emission standards, even lower than World Bank limits, is becoming more and more prevalent for new natural gas developments ...
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Close guard against chloride issues (TIA)
Aug-2017
Chloride removal monitoring and maintenance associated with the catalytic reformer unit (CRU) has long been a headache within a refinery.
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Once through hydrocracker revamp (TIA)
Aug-2018
Chevron Lummus Global (CLG), a joint venture between Chevron USA Inc. and McDermott, has safely and successfully executed a once through hydrocracker unit ...
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Reconsidering the business case for catalytic dewaxing (ERTC)
Jan-2019
Most refineries try to optimise their product mix to satisfy market demand for ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD) with good cold flow properties during cold ...
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Jul-2019
Selecting the best catalyst for a unit demands thorough evaluation of the available options.
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Catalytic lube dewaxing defeats feed contamination (TIA)
Aug-2019
A base stock manufacturer was experiencing poor lube plant feed quality stemming from refinery equipment problems. The hydrocracker producing the feed ...
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Renewable Identification Numbers, sulphur credit pricing and economics
Dec-2020
Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) are credits used to certify compliance with the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) which requires certain minimum volumes ...
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Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) and refining profitability
Aug-2021
Renewable Identification Numbers (rins) are credits used to certify compliance with the Renewable Fuel Standard which requires certain minimum volumes ...
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How can Becht help customers with additive manufacturing
Dec-2022
For more than half a century, Becht has maintained a valued reputation for exceptional innovation, service and partnership solving engineering problems ...
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Feb-2023
I have had several suggestions to write about catalyst selection. This is a popular topic in many journals and blogs with some authors taking controversial ...
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Advances in catalyst sulphiding and passivation
Mar-2023
By continuously measuring H2S and hydrogen levels, online analysers provide real-time analysis of a hydrocracking reactor’s recycle gas and a data stream ...
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Kinetic model for TGU hydrogenation reactors: Part 2 Catalyst model validation
Apr-2023
A rigorous high-fidelity kinetic model can help designers and operators forecast the life expectancy of reactor catalyst beds.
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Reduce the carbon footprint of tail gas treating with reactivated catalysts
May-2023
Times have changed since catalytic processes were established.
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Predicting hydrotreater performance while co-processing vegetable oil
Jul-2023
Catalyst performance prediction model based on test data assesses the impact of co-processing renewable feedstocks for optimal hydrotreater operations ...
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Maximising renewable feed co-processing at an FCC
Jul-2023
Collaboration is key to accelerate the energy transition and make best use of existing assets, like the FCC unit.
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Advanced catalyst characterisation for improved hydrocracking performance
Nov-2018
Advanced analytical techniques delivered new insights into catalyst structure and manufacturing leading to improved performance material.
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Evaluating quickly deactivating catalytic systems (TIA)
Nov-2018
Avantium provides contract research services for high throughput catalysis R&D. For some years now, Avantium has been helping refineries select the best ...
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Online hydrogen purity analysis 
boosts sulphiding (TIA)
Nov-2018
Reactor Resources has utilised the Online Hydrogen Purity Analyzer to assist with the sulphiding of 40 hydrotreating units.
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Characterising heterogeneous catalysts with laser diffraction (TIA)
Nov-2018
Heterogeneous catalysts, where the catalyst is in solid form, enhance many of the gas and liquid phase reactions that underpin routine chemical proces ...
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Activity still key for FCC catalyst to improve profit margin (TIA)
Nov-2018
Nowadays, the gasoline economy still prevails in most markets. The US market has been favouring gasoline yields for a long time.
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Drop-in catalyst generates more jet fuel and full range diesel (TIA)
Nov-2018
A North American refiner was producing ultra low sulphur diesel (ULSD) in a 800 psig hydrotreater.
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Process development for Tier 3 low sulfur gasoline
Oct-2018
Gasoline sulphur is being reduced in the United States to meet the EPA’s Tier 3 standard which requires an annual average of 10 ppm sulphur by 2020.
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Structured catalyst for steam reforming
Sep-2018
A catalyst system for steam methane reforming for improved heat transfer, pressure drop and catalyst effectiveness.
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Opening the crude flexibility window: automation manages threats in real time
Sep-2018
By increasing the volume of quality data, refiners can automate the correct addition of chemical additives to respond to variations in unit performanc ...
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Effect of reactor inlet temperature 
in a hydrotreater
Sep-2018
Solving a problem of pressure drop in a naphtha hydrotreater led to fresh insights into the role of reactor inlet temperature.
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Controlling the metals content of FCC equilibrium catalyst
Sep-2018
A method for calculating catalyst make-up provides a means to control the stability of FCC equilibrium catalyst in terms of metals content
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Maximising propylene and isobutylene from the FCC
Aug-2018
A combination of recent catalyst and additive developments raised a refinery’s output of FCC propylene and isobutylene.
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Converting LCO to gasoline with high RON (TIA)
Aug-2018
Light cycle oil (LCO) is an important byproduct of fluidised catalytic cracking (FCC). With the increasing severity of FCC operations, LCO with higher ...
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Once through hydrocracker revamp (TIA)
Aug-2018
Chevron Lummus Global (CLG), a joint venture between Chevron USA Inc. and McDermott, has safely and successfully executed a once through hydrocracker unit ...
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Reducing NOx emissions from an FCC unit (TIA)
Aug-2018
Refinery processes account for a considerable share of the overall emissions of air pollutants in Europe. The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is the ...
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Automating catalyst withdrawal for improved safety
Apr-2018
Catalyst withdrawals can be carried out continuously and reliably, minimising operator risk and maintaining the integrity of withdrawal piping.
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Hydroprocessing rate increase using shaped charges
Apr-2018
Catalyst size and shape are critical contributors to hydroprocessing reactor performance.
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Catalyst passivation for safer, more efficient turnarounds
Apr-2018
Eliminating inert entry for catalyst changeout in a hydrocracker. Since hydrotreating and hydrocracking were introduced to the refining industry in the ...
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Interpreting FCC equilibrium 
catalyst data
Apr-2018
Regular Ecat and fines analysis provides information to support optimum performance from the FCC.
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Dealing with hydrogenation catalyst poisons
Mar-2018
For stable operation of a pyrolysis gasoline unit, it is crucial to know the effects of poisons and inhibitors on catalyst performance and how to counteract ...
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Producing ultra low sulphur gasoline with octane retention
Mar-2018
A drop-in catalyst enabled refiners to meet ultra low sulphur gasoline requirements with more severe feedstocks while retaining octane barrels
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Advances in residue hydrocracking
Mar-2018
Recent developments in ebullated bed hydrocracking technology target high residue conversion and high quality products.
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MIDW technology as a drop-in 
catalyst solution
Feb-2018
Benefits of upgrading to a highly isomerisation-selective distillate 
dewaxing catalyst.
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The future for hydrocracking: part 2
Feb-2018
Technical solutions and strategies for innovative hydrocracking technologies are needed to meet challenging environmental legislation and future market ...
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SOx and NOx emission abatement in the FCC
Feb-2018
The complexities of sulphur and nitrogen species formation in the FCC call for tailor made catalyst additive chemistry to limit formation of polluting ...