ARTICLES
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Digitalisation in refining and petrochemicals
Dec-2019
The introduction of IIoT technologies is helping two companies improve their decision making and performance.
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Tail gas scrubber sulphur plant by-pass ability aids emergency shutdowns and startups
Nov-2015
From the European Union to the USA, national and international bodies are putting in place increasingly stringent legislation to limit emissions.
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Jan-2013
Poor-quality crude oils and strict environmental regulations promote the use of technologies that favour energy savings and environmental protection
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Amine cleaning in gas treating
Jul-2020
Effective amine cleaning requires a three-step filtration system
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Designing for sulphur removal and storage: part II
Jul-2010
Selection of technologies for the sulphur block must serve legislative demands and the efficient operation of upstream processes
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Oxygen enriched sulphur recovery
Apr-2015
Revamping its SRU to oxygen enriched operation increased a refiner’s sulphur processing capacity and significantly reduced operating costs.
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Acid gas treatment upgrade for Qatargas
Jul-2016
Upgrading acid gas treatment at the world’s largest LNG facility safeguards the plant’s design capacity and its ability to process increasingly sour ...
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Ammonia destruction in the reaction furnace
Nov-2016
A study based on reaction fundamentals aids a comparison of the advantages of one-zone and two-zone SRU reaction furnace design in ammonia destruction ...
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Extending the treatment of highly sour gases: cryogenic distillation
Jan-2014
Cryogenic bulk removal of H2S or CO2 offers an economic advantage when the separated acid gases from super sour gas are re-injected
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A recommended approach to managing your contaminated sulphur
Oct-2016
Contaminated sulphur clean-up can be a daunting task. It is natural to seek the cheapest and quickest methods of removal.
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Jan-2013
Issues that arise when transporting liquid sulphur away from the production site. It is a fairly common occurrence to see tank trucks or rail cars transporting ...
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Producing ultra low sulphur gasoline with octane retention
Mar-2018
A drop-in catalyst enabled refiners to meet ultra low sulphur gasoline requirements with more severe feedstocks while retaining octane barrels
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Future fuel - the challenges associated with renewable diesel hydrotreating
May-2016
As a consequence of the general concern about fossil fuel resources and global warming from CO2 emissions, the use of alternative, sustainable sources ...
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Apr-2014
A novel approach to the conversion of hydrogen sulphide to elemental sulphur is expected to extend the economic range for Claus plants.
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Improved performance of the Benfield-HiPure process using process simulation
Oct-2013
Natural gas processing plants are an essential part of the energy industry, providing clean burning fuels and valuable chemical feedstock.
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Advanced recycle paraffin isomerisation technology
Apr-2001
An examination of how combining chlorinated catalyst, molecular sieves and well designed process configurations can maximise the value of C5/C6 strea ...
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Dealing with hydrogenation catalyst poisons
Mar-2018
For stable operation of a pyrolysis gasoline unit, it is crucial to know the effects of poisons and inhibitors on catalyst performance and how to counteract ...
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Tail gas catalyst performance: part 1
Jul-2014
The first part of a two-part account of time and temperature effects on tail gas catalyst performance provides a background to reaction modelling and pilot ...
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Catalytic strategies to meet gasoline sulphur limits
Apr-2015
Stricter regulations reducing average gasoline sulphur content will require further reduction of FCC gasoline sulphur
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A few sweet tricks for sour gas
May-2014
Large volumes of acid gas (H2S and SO2-rich gas) are generated from various technologies used to sweeten sour off-gases, or acid gas.
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Sulphur recovery from lean sour gas streams
Nov-2013
Gas streams are often treated with amine or membrane systems to meet specifications before the gas can be sent to a pipeline or used in a fuel gas system. ...
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New developments in acid gas removal
Jun-2015
One of the challenges when designing a natural gas treatment plant is to optimize the combination of the acid gas removal (AGR) unit and the sulphur recovery ...
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History and origins of sulphur blocking
Oct-2011
Although sulphur blocks may not always be the first thing to come to mind when asked to consider the critical components of a hydrocarbon processing operation, ...
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Predicting corrosion rates in amine and sour water systems
May-2014
A chemistry-based predictive model predicts corrosion rates in specific processing conditions. Corrosion is a ubiquitous problem in gas treating in the ...
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Low temperature SCOT Catalyst pays off
Dec-2004
Jacobs Nederland B.V. demonstrates how new improvements in low temperature catalysts have boosted the Shell Claus Offgas treating (SCOT) process
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Sulphur spiking agents for hydroprocessing units activation (ERTC)
Dec-2021
The hydroprocessing process employs catalysts in which the active species are molybdenum or tungsten sulphides promoted by cobalt or nickel sulphides. ...
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Controlling hyper-active catalysts with injection (ERTC)
Dec-2021
Starting up a hydrocracker after a catalyst change-out can be complex and operationally challenging, especially when high-activity cracking catalysts have ...
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Feb-2023
Using SWSPlus technology to transform sulphur recovery facilities from a cost centre to positive cash flow.
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Design of sulphur recovery units
Nov-2022
Cost-effective methodologies for SRU developments should incorporate advanced structural design aspects with process design improvements.
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Sulphur reduction, sulphur removal, and spent caustic reuse
May-2024
Demand for flexible sulphur recovery solutions is increasing, including wet air oxidation, deep neutralisation, incineration, and processes that need sustainable ...
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Optimise sulphur recovery plant emissions during unit upset conditions
Jul-2024
Knowledge, understanding, and awareness training are essential to maintain process instrumentation for optimal information gathering.
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Developments in H2S scavenging
Jun-2018
Advances in the application of triazine scavengers have significantly improved process efficiencies.
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Acid gas treatment upgrade for Qatargas
Jul-2016
Upgrading acid gas treatment at the world’s largest LNG facility safeguards the plant’s design capacity and its ability to process increasingly sour ...
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SOx and NOx emission abatement in the FCC
Feb-2018
The complexities of sulphur and nitrogen species formation in the FCC call for tailor made catalyst additive chemistry to limit formation of polluting ...
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Amine cleaning in gas treating
Jul-2020
Effective amine cleaning requires a three-step filtration system
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FCC gasoline desulphurisation for Tier 3 sulphur compliance
Sep-2017
FCC gasoline desulphurisation is used widely in refineries around the world. It is growing in importance because of new regulations that require sulphur ...
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Technology selection for a natural gas plant
May-2019
Selecting equipment for a sulphur block requires balancing technical performance and costs, as well as local conditions and regulations.
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Risks of accumulated sulphur in sulphur recovery units
Apr-2014
While recovering sulphur in an SRU depends on condensation of sulphur, its unintended condensation and accumulation can present problems.
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Operational challenges in sour water stripping
Jul-2019
How to keep a sour water stripper at optimum performance between shutdowns.
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Direct oxidation sulphur recovery process for very lean acid gas applications
Jun-2016
Due to higher demand in desulphurisation and new environmental regulations, Companies need to find robust and efficient technologies while considering ...
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Designing for sulphur removal and storage: part 1
Apr-2010
Selection of technologies for the sulphur block must serve legislative demands and the efficient operation of upstream processes
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Oxygen enriched sulphur recovery
Apr-2015
Revamping its SRU to oxygen enriched operation increased a refiner’s sulphur processing capacity and significantly reduced operating costs.
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Pushing the limits of FCC gasoline desulphurisation
Jul-2016
The goal of FCC gasoline desulphurisation to desulphurise FCC gasoline with minimum octane loss. The process uses conventional naphtha hydrotreating and ...
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Ammonia destruction in the reaction furnace
Nov-2016
A study based on reaction fundamentals aids a comparison of the advantages of one-zone and two-zone SRU reaction furnace design in ammonia destruction ...
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Jun-2018
Achieving the right sulphur plant capacity and configuration is crucial to the proper operation of a refinery.
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Get 20% more hydrogen than nameplate in your next turnaround
May-2020
A foil-supported catalyst meets increased hydrogen demand within a normal turnaround.
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Efficient and cost-effective amine purification process
Oct-2022
In refineries and gas processing complexes, H₂S and CO₂ present in the sour gases are removed using an aqueous solution of alkanolamine.
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Using reactivated hydroprocessing catalysts in TGTUs for financial and sustainability rewards (ERTC)
Nov-2022
For over 40 years, the global petroleum refining industry has successfully been reusing hydroprocessing catalysts through ex situ reactivation, to capitalise ...
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Advances in catalyst sulphiding and passivation
Mar-2023
By continuously measuring H2S and hydrogen levels, online analysers provide real-time analysis of a hydrocracking reactor’s recycle gas and a data stream ...
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Proactively preventing reactor runaway events
Aug-2023
A quantitative method for selecting emergency actions could prevent hydrocracker reactor temperature excursion and runaway while avoiding flaring.
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Controlling hyper-active catalysts with injection (ERTC)
Dec-2021
Starting up a hydrocracker after a catalyst change-out can be complex and operationally challenging, especially when high-activity cracking catalysts have ...
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Sulphur spiking agents for hydroprocessing units activation (ERTC)
Dec-2021
The hydroprocessing process employs catalysts in which the active species are molybdenum or tungsten sulphides promoted by cobalt or nickel sulphides. ...
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Sulphidation corrosion in a claus waste heat boiler
Aug-2021
Simulation enabled a refiner to avoid potentially dangerous operating conditions in a sulphur recovery unit.
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Acid gas fired reheater control
Jun-2021
Operating as close as possible to the stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio is advised for acid gas fired reheaters.
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Tail gas hydrotreating in a high H2S gas plant
Jun-2021
A tail gas hydrotreating catalyst delivers stable sulphur recovery operations, including low emission levels and energy savings, with a low rate of de ...
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Cleaning amine units cost effectively
May-2021
Heat stable salts are dissolved or avoided by chemical products and cleaning methods during operations and turnarounds.
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Advances in crude to chemicals
Apr-2021
In mature markets like the US, refineries are revisiting their business models, asset base and technology options. This is due to regional and global changes ...
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Accurate analysis of chlorine in vacuum gas oil and low sulphur fuel oil
Apr-2021
Why measure chlorine in vgo and vlsfo? Vacuum gas oil, more commonly referred to as VGO, is primarily used as a feed for cracking units such as the fluid ...
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Mar-2021
A process for wet scrubbing off-gases from the SRU helps preserve neighbourly relations.
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Trends and developments in gas analysis
Mar-2021
Technical and digital developments are modernising the way gas analysers are built and used.
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Pricing licences for gas processing units
Mar-2021
How technologies can be selected on the best licensing terms.
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Is there an alternative to conventional hydrotreating of FCC naphtha that will reduce octane loss?
Feb-2021
Responses to a question in the Q1 2021 issues Q&A feature
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Feb-2021
Responses to a question in the Q1 2021 issues Q&A Feature
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Renewable Identification Numbers, sulphur credit pricing and economics
Dec-2020
Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) are credits used to certify compliance with the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) which requires certain minimum volumes ...
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Start-up and shutdown issues in sulphur processing
Nov-2020
Knowing the limitations of the sulphur unit and what may occur during start-ups and shutdowns helps to prevent damage.
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Arkema develops new digital features for the sulphiding of hydroprocessing catalysts (ERTC)
Nov-2020
In 2020, Arkema successfully tested and implemented a digital environment that both eases and strengthens data communication with the refinery during the ...
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Optimise your workflow and improve lab efficiencies
Oct-2020
XOS’ Sindie® series sulphur analysers offer a variety of features and capabilities aiming to improve your operational efficiencies. In addition, XOS’ ...
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Enable cost savings and optimise production with real-time sulphur results
Sep-2020
The demand for biofuels has increased in recent years, with the EU requiring that 10% of the total transport fuel in its member countries to come from ...
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IMO 2020: meeting the challenge
Sep-2020
Developments in fuel additive technology address challenges and uncertainties raised by the IMO 2020 regulations
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Boosting mild hydrocracking performance
Aug-2020
Optimising its mild hydrocracking operations using new catalyst developments enabled a refinery to meet more complex targets for fuel quality.
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Revamp raises crude flexibility and profits (TIA)
Aug-2020
Hyundai Oilbank (HDO) has been operating an atmospheric residue desulphurisation (ARDS) unit, producing feed for the RFCC unit, at its Daesan, South Korea, ...
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Jul-2020
Expanding the capacity of sulphur recovery and tail gas units requires a thorough review of all plant systems.
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Amine cleaning in gas treating
Jul-2020
Effective amine cleaning requires a three-step filtration system
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Get 20% more hydrogen than nameplate in your next turnaround
May-2020
A foil-supported catalyst meets increased hydrogen demand within a normal turnaround.
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May-2020
To all our refining readers, especially those with mariners as customers, we send wishes for a successful IMO 2020.
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