ARTICLES
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Extending the treatment of highly sour gases: cryogenic distillation
Jan-2014
Cryogenic bulk removal of H2S or CO2 offers an economic advantage when the separated acid gases from super sour gas are re-injected
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Tail gas catalyst performance: part 2
Dec-2014
The second part of a two-part account of time and temperature effects on tail gas catalyst performance gives a background to reaction modelling and pilot ...
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SOx and NOx emission abatement in the FCC
Feb-2018
The complexities of sulphur and nitrogen species formation in the FCC call for tailor made catalyst additive chemistry to limit formation of polluting ...
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Acid gas treatment upgrade for Qatargas
Jul-2016
Upgrading acid gas treatment at the world’s largest LNG facility safeguards the plant’s design capacity and its ability to process increasingly sour ...
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Oxygen enriched sulphur recovery
Apr-2015
Revamping its SRU to oxygen enriched operation increased a refiner’s sulphur processing capacity and significantly reduced operating costs.
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Apr-2014
A novel approach to the conversion of hydrogen sulphide to elemental sulphur is expected to extend the economic range for Claus plants.
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Hydrogen - the key refinery enabler
Aug-2012
In the 21st century, the term “scraping the bottom of the barrel” has become quite literal to the refining industry and hydrogen comes to the fore ...
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Ammonia destruction in the reaction furnace
Nov-2016
A study based on reaction fundamentals aids a comparison of the advantages of one-zone and two-zone SRU reaction furnace design in ammonia destruction ...
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A recommended approach to managing your contaminated sulphur
Oct-2016
Contaminated sulphur clean-up can be a daunting task. It is natural to seek the cheapest and quickest methods of removal.
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Future fuel - the challenges associated with renewable diesel hydrotreating
May-2016
As a consequence of the general concern about fossil fuel resources and global warming from CO2 emissions, the use of alternative, sustainable sources ...
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Advanced recycle paraffin isomerisation technology
Apr-2001
An examination of how combining chlorinated catalyst, molecular sieves and well designed process configurations can maximise the value of C5/C6 strea ...
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Improved performance of the Benfield-HiPure process using process simulation
Oct-2013
Natural gas processing plants are an essential part of the energy industry, providing clean burning fuels and valuable chemical feedstock.
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Catalytic strategies to meet gasoline sulphur limits
Apr-2015
Stricter regulations reducing average gasoline sulphur content will require further reduction of FCC gasoline sulphur
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Jan-2013
Issues that arise when transporting liquid sulphur away from the production site. It is a fairly common occurrence to see tank trucks or rail cars transporting ...
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A few sweet tricks for sour gas
May-2014
Large volumes of acid gas (H2S and SO2-rich gas) are generated from various technologies used to sweeten sour off-gases, or acid gas.
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Sulphur recovery from lean 
sour gas streams
Nov-2013
Gas streams are often treated with amine or membrane systems to meet specifications before the gas can be sent to a pipeline or used in a fuel gas system. ...
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Tail gas catalyst performance: part 1
Jul-2014
The first part of a two-part account of time and temperature effects on tail gas catalyst performance provides a background to reaction modelling and pilot ...
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Low temperature SCOT Catalyst 
pays off
Dec-2004
Jacobs Nederland B.V. demonstrates how new improvements in low temperature catalysts have boosted the Shell Claus Offgas treating (SCOT) process
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Dealing with hydrogenation catalyst poisons
Mar-2018
For stable operation of a pyrolysis gasoline unit, it is crucial to know the effects of poisons and inhibitors on catalyst performance and how to counteract ...
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New developments in acid gas removal
Jun-2015
One of the challenges when designing a natural gas treatment plant is to optimize the combination of the acid gas removal (AGR) unit and the sulphur recovery ...
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Enhanced sulphur recovery from lean acid gases
Apr-2011
A preferred acid gas enrichment scheme is combined with two gas-treating schemes to examine the lifecycle cost of a sour natural gas treatment facilit ...
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Producing ultra low sulphur gasoline with octane retention
Mar-2018
A drop-in catalyst enabled refiners to meet ultra low sulphur gasoline requirements with more severe feedstocks while retaining octane barrels
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Predicting corrosion rates in amine and sour water systems
May-2014
A chemistry-based predictive model predicts corrosion rates in specific processing conditions. Corrosion is a ubiquitous problem in gas treating in the ...
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Improving sulphur plant performance
Jun-2017
Strict attention to utilities is critical to ensure safe and reliable sulphur recovery unit operation
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Amine cleaning in gas treating
Jul-2020
Effective amine cleaning requires a three-step filtration system
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Revamp raises crude flexibility and profits (TIA)
Aug-2020
Hyundai Oilbank (HDO) has been operating an atmospheric residue desulphurisation (ARDS) unit, producing feed for the RFCC unit, at its Daesan, South Korea, ...
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Enable cost savings and optimise production with real-time sulphur results
Sep-2020
The demand for biofuels has increased in recent years, with the EU requiring that 10% of the total transport fuel in its member countries to come from ...
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Is there an alternative to conventional hydrotreating of FCC naphtha that will reduce octane loss?
Feb-2021
Responses to a question in the Q1 2021 issues Q&A feature
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Trends and developments in gas analysis
Mar-2021
Technical and digital developments are modernising the way gas analysers are built and used.
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Accurate analysis of chlorine in vacuum gas oil and low sulphur fuel oil
Apr-2021
Why measure chlorine in vgo and vlsfo? Vacuum gas oil, more commonly referred to as VGO, is primarily used as a feed for cracking units such as the fluid ...
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Tail gas hydrotreating in a high H2S gas plant
Jun-2021
A tail gas hydrotreating catalyst delivers stable sulphur recovery operations, including low emission levels and energy savings, with a low rate of de ...
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Controlling hyper-active catalysts with injection (ERTC)
Dec-2021
Starting up a hydrocracker after a catalyst change-out can be complex and operationally challenging, especially when high-activity cracking catalysts have ...
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Sulphur spiking agents for hydroprocessing units activation (ERTC)
Dec-2021
The hydroprocessing process employs catalysts in which the active species are molybdenum or tungsten sulphides promoted by cobalt or nickel sulphides. ...
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Design of sulphur recovery units
Nov-2022
Cost-effective methodologies for SRU developments should incorporate advanced structural design aspects with process design improvements.
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Feb-2023
Using SWSPlus technology to transform sulphur recovery facilities from a cost centre to positive cash flow.
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Kinetic model for TGU hydrogenation reactors: Part 1 model development
Feb-2023
Development of rigorous model for reaction kinetics and catalyst deactivation mechanisms capable of predicting SRU and TGU performance is presented.
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Pushing the limits of FCC gasoline desulphurisation
Jul-2016
The goal of FCC gasoline desulphurisation to desulphurise FCC gasoline with minimum octane loss. The process uses conventional naphtha hydrotreating and ...
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Ammonia destruction in the reaction furnace
Nov-2016
A study based on reaction fundamentals aids a comparison of the advantages of one-zone and two-zone SRU reaction furnace design in ammonia destruction ...
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Get 20% more hydrogen than nameplate in your next turnaround
May-2020
A foil-supported catalyst meets increased hydrogen demand within a 
normal turnaround.
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Three ways to effectively monitor total chlorine in liquid hydrocarbons
Feb-2018
Corrosion at petroleum refineries is a critical problem all over the world. In the United States alone, NACE International, a professional association ...
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Field experience with a Claus furnace checker wall
Jan-2014
A new design of Claus furnace checker wall delivers improved mechanical performance and process flow characteristics.
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Diesel hydrotreating and mild hydrocracking
Oct-2011
Increased hydroprocessing capability must provide an acceptable long-term return on capital, while producing the desired product yields and qualities
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High sulphur recovery with ease 
of operation
Jan-2015
A process performing sulphur recovery and tail gas treatment in two catalytic reactor units exceeded guaranteed recovery limits from start-up.
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Jun-2018
Achieving the right sulphur plant capacity and configuration is crucial to the proper operation of a refinery.
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Designing for sulphur removal and storage: part 1
Apr-2010
Selection of technologies for the sulphur block must serve legislative demands and the efficient operation of upstream processes
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Predicting corrosion rates in amine and sour water systems
May-2014
A chemistry-based predictive model predicts corrosion rates in specific processing conditions. Corrosion is a ubiquitous problem in gas treating in the ...
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Tail gas catalyst performance: part 2
Dec-2014
The second part of a two-part account of time and temperature effects on tail gas catalyst performance gives a background to reaction modelling and pilot ...
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Amine cleaning in gas treating
Jul-2020
Effective amine cleaning requires a three-step filtration system
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Jul-2020
Expanding the capacity of sulphur recovery and tail gas units requires a thorough review of all plant systems.
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Oxygen enriched sulphur recovery
Apr-2015
Revamping its SRU to oxygen enriched operation increased a refiner’s sulphur processing capacity and significantly reduced operating costs.
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Feb-2021
Responses to a question in the Q1 2021 issues Q&A Feature
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Renewable Identification Numbers, sulphur credit pricing and economics
Dec-2020
Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) are credits used to certify compliance with the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) which requires certain minimum volumes ...
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Start-up and shutdown issues in sulphur processing
Nov-2020
Knowing the limitations of the sulphur unit and what may occur during start-ups and shutdowns helps to prevent damage.
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Arkema develops new digital features for the sulphiding of hydroprocessing catalysts (ERTC)
Nov-2020
In 2020, Arkema successfully tested and implemented a digital environment that both eases and strengthens data communication with the refinery during the ...
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Optimise your workflow and improve lab efficiencies
Oct-2020
XOS’ Sindie® series sulphur analysers offer a variety of features and capabilities aiming to improve your operational efficiencies. In addition, XOS’ ...
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Enable cost savings and optimise production with real-time sulphur results
Sep-2020
The demand for biofuels has increased in recent years, with the EU requiring that 10% of the total transport fuel in its member countries to come from ...
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IMO 2020: meeting the challenge
Sep-2020
Developments in fuel additive technology address challenges and uncertainties raised by the IMO 2020 regulations
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Boosting mild hydrocracking performance
Aug-2020
Optimising its mild hydrocracking operations using new catalyst developments enabled a refinery to meet more complex targets for fuel quality.
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Revamp raises crude flexibility and profits (TIA)
Aug-2020
Hyundai Oilbank (HDO) has been operating an atmospheric residue desulphurisation (ARDS) unit, producing feed for the RFCC unit, at its Daesan, South Korea, ...
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Jul-2020
Expanding the capacity of sulphur recovery and tail gas units requires a thorough review of all plant systems.
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Amine cleaning in gas treating
Jul-2020
Effective amine cleaning requires a three-step filtration system
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Get 20% more hydrogen than nameplate in your next turnaround
May-2020
A foil-supported catalyst meets increased hydrogen demand within a 
normal turnaround.
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May-2020
To all our refining readers, especially those with mariners as customers, we send wishes for a successful IMO 2020.
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IMO 2020 - Maritime CEMS and refinery changes
May-2020
For several years, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has stipulated low levels of sulphur emissions close to densely populated coastal areas, ...
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Dealing with more sulphur post-IMO 2020
Feb-2020
Combinations of revamping opportunities enable SRUs to deal with higher throughput arising from lower limits for sulphur in marine fuels.
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How refiners can optimise for IMO 2020
Feb-2020
Refineries with configurations not best suited to new sulphur limits will need to focus on improvements in operational efficiency.
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Exhaust scrubbers are a viable option for IMO 2020 (ADS)
Dec-2019
With the goal to reduce airborne sulphur emissions, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has mandated that international shippers use fuel with ...
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Introducing FUSION — the best of both worlds (ERTC)
Dec-2019
One of the keys to optimal FCC catalyst performance is striking the right balance between zeolite and matrix, both in terms of selectivity and activit ...
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Implementing advanced technologies for crude to chemicals projects (ERTC)
Dec-2019
According to the IEA, already a major component of the global energy system, the importance of petrochemicals is continuing to grow.
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Case study: How Shell is navigating the energy transition (ERTC)
Dec-2019
Although the transportation sector’s trend towards electrification offers important climate change and air quality benefits, it presents many energy ...
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Retrofitting selective catalytic NOx reduction for gas turbines
Dec-2019
Selective catalytic reduction is an effective alternative to combustion management technologies to achieve NOx compliance with existing and new gas tu ...
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Digitalisation in refining and petrochemicals
Dec-2019
The introduction of IIoT technologies is helping two companies improve their decision making and performance.
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Addressing the sour gas challenge
Dec-2019
Recent developments in corrosion resistant alloys help operators to overcome the challenges of hydrogen sulphide induced cracking in pipelines and key ...
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Simulation of Claus unit performance
Nov-2019
Simulating a sulphur recovery unit using a fundamental approach enables the effects of process changes on a host of performance metrics to be reliably ...
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FCC additive technology for 
SOx reduction
Nov-2019
Advances in metal dispersion and structure delivered a SOx reduction additive that is driving down refiners’ FCC emission levels.
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Why produce diesel from the vacuum unit?
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Europe's largest manufacturer of tower packings
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Capital Equiplnet
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Watlow’s thermal systems optimize your refinery
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Catalyst Evolution
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Valves and Pumps for the Energy Industry
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Combustion control expert paper
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Sabin Metal serves these industries
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Extensive tray portfolio from Sulzer
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Swagelok® Valves
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