ARTICLES
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Modelling for ULSD optimisation
Apr-2011
On-line coordination and optimisation of refinery process units led to a 10% increase in middle distillate production
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World’s biggest sulphur forming site
Jul-2014
The Habshan Sulphur Granulation Plant, located about 16km southeast of the existing Habshan Gas Complex in Abu Dhabi, is about to be the world’s largest ...
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Challenges and opportunities of 10 ppm sulphur gasoline: part 1
Jul-2012
Prospect of a worldwide standard for ULSG and the challenges of increased heavy crude supplies demand careful consideration and selection of refinery ...
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Enhanced sulphur recovery from lean acid gases
Apr-2011
A preferred acid gas enrichment scheme is combined with two gas-treating schemes to examine the lifecycle cost of a sour natural gas treatment facilit ...
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Low temperature SCOT Catalyst pays off
Dec-2004
Jacobs Nederland B.V. demonstrates how new improvements in low temperature catalysts have boosted the Shell Claus Offgas treating (SCOT) process
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A few sweet tricks for sour gas
May-2014
Large volumes of acid gas (H2S and SO2-rich gas) are generated from various technologies used to sweeten sour off-gases, or acid gas.
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Phased investment for H2S removal
Oct-2008
Awareness of H2S removal process steps and how they can be combined to reduce costs compared to the use of a single sweetening unit operation
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New developments in acid gas removal
Jun-2015
One of the challenges when designing a natural gas treatment plant is to optimize the combination of the acid gas removal (AGR) unit and the sulphur recovery ...
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Oxygen enriched sulphur recovery
Apr-2015
Revamping its SRU to oxygen enriched operation increased a refiner’s sulphur processing capacity and significantly reduced operating costs.
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A recommended approach to managing your contaminated sulphur
Oct-2016
Contaminated sulphur clean-up can be a daunting task. It is natural to seek the cheapest and quickest methods of removal.
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Developments in H2S scavenging
Jun-2018
Advances in the application of triazine scavengers have significantly improved process efficiencies.
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Sulphur recovery from lean sour gas streams
Nov-2013
Gas streams are often treated with amine or membrane systems to meet specifications before the gas can be sent to a pipeline or used in a fuel gas system. ...
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An optimum line-up for sour gas processing
Apr-2010
Analysis of technical, economic and licensing considerations in the selection of an optimum gas treating line-up recommends a choice of technologies
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Tail gas catalyst performance: part 1
Jul-2014
The first part of a two-part account of time and temperature effects on tail gas catalyst performance provides a background to reaction modelling and pilot ...
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Fast turnaround for a SRU tail gas scrubber
Oct-2011
Reuse of groundwork and equipment, as well as previous experience in meeting permitting regulations enabled an 18-week turnaround of a tail gas scrubb ...
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Gasoline and diesel imbalances in the Atlantic Basin: part II
Oct-2011
Options to re-orientate a refinery’s production towards middle distillates. European refineries currently produce a surplus of gasoline and insufficient ...
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Acid gas treatment upgrade for Qatargas
Jul-2016
Upgrading acid gas treatment at the world’s largest LNG facility safeguards the plant’s design capacity and its ability to process increasingly sour ...
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Feb-2015
Absorbers become lean-end pinched when the solvent’s capacity for acid gas greatly exceeds the acid gas to be removed. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide ...
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Future fuel - the challenges associated with renewable diesel hydrotreating
May-2016
As a consequence of the general concern about fossil fuel resources and global warming from CO2 emissions, the use of alternative, sustainable sources ...
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Predicting corrosion rates in amine and sour water systems
May-2014
A chemistry-based predictive model predicts corrosion rates in specific processing conditions. Corrosion is a ubiquitous problem in gas treating in the ...
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Claus sulphur recovery options
Apr-1997
This article examines some Claus modifications which can alleviate operational difficulties and improve overall sulphur recovery
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Operational challenges in sour water stripping
Jul-2019
How to keep a sour water stripper at optimum performance between shutdowns.
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High sulphur recovery with ease of operation
Jan-2015
A process performing sulphur recovery and tail gas treatment in two catalytic reactor units exceeded guaranteed recovery limits from start-up.
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Key steps for refiners ahead of IMO 2020 (ERTC)
Nov-2017
The reality is that many refiners remain unprepared for IMO MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI (IMO 2020). These regulations, which will substantially tighten the global ...
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Membrane separation for clean fuels
Jul-2004
An illustration of how membrane separation technology can be integrated into a clean fuel strategy at low capital cost relative to hydrotreating
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Meeting low sulphur diesel challenges
Dec-2017
Liquid stream hydroprocessing technology enabled a refiner to meet fast-changing diesel sulphur specifications and process a wide variety of feedstock ...
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Risks of accumulated sulphur in sulphur recovery units
Apr-2014
While recovering sulphur in an SRU depends on condensation of sulphur, its unintended condensation and accumulation can present problems.
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Key steps for refiners ahead of IMO 2020 (ERTC)
Nov-2017
The reality is that many refiners remain unprepared for IMO MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI (IMO 2020). These regulations, which will substantially tighten the global ...
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Jun-2018
Achieving the right sulphur plant capacity and configuration is crucial to the proper operation of a refinery.
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Three ways to effectively monitor total chlorine in liquid hydrocarbons
Feb-2018
Corrosion at petroleum refineries is a critical problem all over the world. In the United States alone, NACE International, a professional association ...
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Oxygen enriched sulphur recovery
Apr-2015
Revamping its SRU to oxygen enriched operation increased a refiner’s sulphur processing capacity and significantly reduced operating costs.
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Flexible thinking for capital projects
Jun-2017
Conventional project planning and execution may not be the best approach for gas treating and sulphur recovery installations.
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Improving reaction furnace performance with the Blasch VectorWall mixing checkerwall
Sep-2013
Operators of large refractory lined combustion chambers, whether used as primary reaction furnaces, thermal oxidisers in tail gas units or miscellaneous ...
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Predicting corrosion rates in amine and sour water systems
May-2014
A chemistry-based predictive model predicts corrosion rates in specific processing conditions. Corrosion is a ubiquitous problem in gas treating in the ...
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Improving sulphur plant performance
Jun-2017
Strict attention to utilities is critical to ensure safe and reliable sulphur recovery unit operation
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Ultra low sulphur analysis in liquid petroleum using MWDXRF
Jan-2018
Tougher regulations are challenging refiners to produce higher quality products while trying to maximise efficiency.
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Tail gas catalyst performance: part 2
Dec-2014
The second part of a two-part account of time and temperature effects on tail gas catalyst performance gives a background to reaction modelling and pilot ...
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Unload the SRU to reduce plugging problems and operating costs
May-2015
A crude oil refinery may need additional sulphur recovery capacity for any of a combination of reasons:
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A recommended approach to managing your contaminated sulphur
Oct-2016
Contaminated sulphur clean-up can be a daunting task. It is natural to seek the cheapest and quickest methods of removal.
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Advanced sulphur analysis in hydrocarbons
Sep-2017
Petra MAX™ delivers advanced D4294 sulphur analysis in addition to 12 elements from P to Zn including Ca, Fe, K, Ni, and V at sub-ppm levels for various ...
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Residuum hydrocracking: chemistry and catalysis
Aug-2019
Significant advances have been made in understanding the hydrocracking chemistry of residuum oils and in the catalytic systems required for deep conversion ...
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Advanced recycle paraffin isomerisation technology
Apr-2001
An examination of how combining chlorinated catalyst, molecular sieves and well designed process configurations can maximise the value of C5/C6 strea ...
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Sulphur tail gas thermal oxidiser systems
Dec-2008
SRUs (sulphur recovery units) in refineries and gas plants remove sulphur compounds from sulphur containing fuel gases and from natural gas and crude oil ...
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Jan-2009
Design considerations for clean diesel hydrotreating. Critical issues are discussed when designing a hydrotreating facility to produce diesel fuel with ...
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Designing for sulphur removal and storage: part II
Jul-2010
Selection of technologies for the sulphur block must serve legislative demands and the efficient operation of upstream processes
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Solutions for the treatment of highly sour gases
Apr-2012
Process technologies for the cost-effective treatment of natural gas with high and ultra-high acid gas content
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A few sweet tricks for sour gas
May-2014
Large volumes of acid gas (H2S and SO2-rich gas) are generated from various technologies used to sweeten sour off-gases, or acid gas.
-
Tail gas catalyst performance: part 1
Jul-2014
The first part of a two-part account of time and temperature effects on tail gas catalyst performance provides a background to reaction modelling and pilot ...
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LO-CAT: a flexible hydrogen sulphide removal process
Feb-2015
The hydrocarbon engineering industry faces tighter restrictions for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) emissions and expanding requirements for sulphur recovery. ...
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Apr-2016
A sandwich catalyst system has given the additional activity needed to process difficult feed in a hydrotreater.
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Installation of a new flue gas tunnel design concept and resulting operation
Oct-2019
Conventional tunnels incorporate physical features that constrain design efficacy resulting in non-uniform flue gas flow both along the length of the tunnels ...
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Residuum hydrocracking: chemistry and catalysis
Aug-2019
Significant advances have been made in understanding the hydrocracking chemistry of residuum oils and in the catalytic systems required for deep conversion ...
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Improving the flow, installation experience with a new reformer flue gas tunnel system
Jul-2019
For decades, down-fired steam methane reformer furnaces have used flue gas tunnels (or ‘coffins’) along the radiant section floor to collect and improve ...
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Operational challenges in sour water stripping
Jul-2019
How to keep a sour water stripper at optimum performance between shutdowns.
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Solving hydrotreating fouling problems
Jul-2019
Upgraded antifoulant technology is helping refiners to overcome the increased hydrotreater fouling issues that result from more stringent fuel sulphur ...
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IMO 2020 – the deadline approaches
May-2019
How is the refining industry reacting to the shake-up with less than a year to go? The refining industry has responded to the forthcoming IMO 2020 lower ...
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Technology selection for a natural gas plant
May-2019
Selecting equipment for a sulphur block requires balancing technical performance and costs, as well as local conditions and regulations.
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Best practices for improved sulphur repeatability
Mar-2019
There has been an increased need for quality data as petroleum labs around the globe are tasked with adhering to stricter sulphur regulations.
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Factors affecting Claus waste heat boiler design and operation
Mar-2019
The Claus Waste Heat Boiler (WHB) is a critical piece of equipment in a Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU); its fundamental purpose is as a heat transfer device ...
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Get fast D4294 sulphur results without centrifuging
Feb-2019
Petroleum professionals looking to certify their products are commonly tied to specific method types for analysis.
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Reconsidering the business case for catalytic dewaxing (ERTC)
Jan-2019
Most refineries try to optimise their product mix to satisfy market demand for ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD) with good cold flow properties during cold ...
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In-line H2S analysis during sulphiding (ERTC)
Jan-2019
Real-time, in-line analysis of the H2S concentration during hydroprocessing catalyst activation with DMDS Evolution E2 reduces the risk of exposure to ...
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New insights into Claus waste heat boilers
Dec-2018
The real plant performance of a waste heat boiler depends on many factors besides heat transfer.
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Drop-in catalyst generates more jet fuel and full range diesel (TIA)
Nov-2018
A North American refiner was producing ultra low sulphur diesel (ULSD) in a 800 psig hydrotreater.
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Process development for Tier 3 low sulfur gasoline
Oct-2018
Gasoline sulphur is being reduced in the United States to meet the EPA’s Tier 3 standard which requires an annual average of 10 ppm sulphur by 2020.
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Precision comparison between ASTM test methods D7039, D2622, and D5453
Sep-2018
For many years, professionals in the petroleum industry have faced challenges regarding compliance and quality of product.
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Increasing resid processing flexibility
Sep-2018
A resid processing technology converts low value refinery streams to full range refinery products.
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Low cost gasoline from low octane feed
Sep-2018
Naphtha and methanol are the feedstocks for production of high octane, low cost gasoline.
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A new solution to eliminate centrifuge for sulphur in crude oil analysis
Jun-2018
Test methods for measuring sulphur content, like ASTM D4294 and ISO 8754, have become critical for assessing the value of crude oil.
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Wireless instruments in corrosive and hazardous locations
Jun-2018
Wireless instruments introduce a range of benefits in corrosive and hazardous process areas.
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Jun-2018
Achieving the right sulphur plant capacity and configuration is crucial to the proper operation of a refinery.
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Developments in H2S scavenging
Jun-2018
Advances in the application of triazine scavengers have significantly improved process efficiencies.
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Automatic matrix correction for C/H ratio in 4294 sulfur analysis
Mar-2018
Recent international trends across a majority of fuel types have focused on lowering specifications for total sulphur. These changes in regulation are ...
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Newly completed sulfur project at SAMREF refinery
Mar-2018
Case study of newly completed sulphur project at SAMREF refinery. SAMREF (Saudi Aramco ExxonMobil Refinery) recently completed the design and successful ...
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Dealing with hydrogenation catalyst poisons
Mar-2018
For stable operation of a pyrolysis gasoline unit, it is crucial to know the effects of poisons and inhibitors on catalyst performance and how to counteract ...
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Renewable Identification Numbers, sulphur credit pricing and economics
Dec-2020
(White Paper) - Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) are credits used to certify compliance with the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) which requires certain ...
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Start-up and shutdown issues in sulphur processing
Nov-2020
(White Paper) - Knowing the limitations of the sulphur unit and what may occur during start-ups and shutdowns helps to prevent damage.
Part ...
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Hardware for your operations
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Digital Refinery
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Designing deepcut vacuum units that work
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