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Gasoline and diesel imbalances in the Atlantic Basin: part II
Oct-2011
Options to re-orientate a refinery’s production towards middle distillates. European refineries currently produce a surplus of gasoline and insufficient ...
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Direct oxidation sulphur recovery process for very lean acid gas applications
Jun-2016
Due to higher demand in desulphurisation and new environmental regulations, Companies need to find robust and efficient technologies while considering ...
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Combining acid gas treating and amine tail gas treating (TIA)
Oct-2015
One of the challenges in designing a natural gas treatment plant is to optimise the combination of the acid gas removal (AGR) unit and the sulphur recovery ...
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Selective FCC naphtha desulphurisation
Apr-1999
By combining specially designed catalyst and process technology, the SCANfining process selectively removes sulphur from FCC naphthas while preserving ...
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Jan-2013
Issues that arise when transporting liquid sulphur away from the production site. It is a fairly common occurrence to see tank trucks or rail cars transporting ...
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Fast turnaround for a SRU tail gas scrubber
Oct-2011
Reuse of groundwork and equipment, as well as previous experience in meeting permitting regulations enabled an 18-week turnaround of a tail gas scrubb ...
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How glycols affect acid gas removal
Oct-2013
How to control the amine unit’s full acid gas capture performance over time and so avoid operational surprises involving glycol build-up
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Claus sulphur recovery options
Apr-1997
This article examines some Claus modifications which can alleviate operational difficulties and improve overall sulphur recovery
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Key steps for refiners ahead of IMO 2020 (ERTC)
Nov-2017
The reality is that many refiners remain unprepared for IMO MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI (IMO 2020). These regulations, which will substantially tighten the global ...
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Sep-2015
In order to comply with ever-tightening regulations, shipping operators must find ways to reduce atmospheric emissions. Carrying as much as 90% of world ...
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Challenges in producing BS-VI diesel
Mar-2018
An Indian refiner describes the technical challenges of meeting a leap in
fuel quality specification. -
Membrane separation for clean fuels
Jul-2004
An illustration of how membrane separation technology can be integrated into a clean fuel strategy at low capital cost relative to hydrotreating
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Producing ultra low sulphur gasoline with octane retention
Mar-2018
A drop-in catalyst enabled refiners to meet ultra low sulphur gasoline requirements with more severe feedstocks while retaining octane barrels
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Regenerable tail gas treatment
Nov-2016
Cost assessment of tail gas treating technologies that recycle H2S or SO2 to the Claus unit.
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Pushing the limits of FCC gasoline desulphurisation
Jul-2016
The goal of FCC gasoline desulphurisation to desulphurise FCC gasoline with minimum octane loss. The process uses conventional naphtha hydrotreating and ...
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Newly completed sulfur project at SAMREF refinery
Mar-2018
Case study of newly completed sulphur project at SAMREF refinery. SAMREF (Saudi Aramco ExxonMobil Refinery) recently completed the design and successful ...
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Revamping hydrogen and sulphur plants to meet future challenges
Oct-2009
Revamp opportunities for hydrogen and sulphur plant operations in the era of clean fuels production offer significant benefits for refiners
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GSR the only proven FCC catalysts and additives for gasoline sulphur reduction
May-2015
Grace GSR® technologies: D-PriSM®, SuRCA®, and GSR® 5, are the result of nearly two decades of innovation. GSR has been used in over 100 FCC units ...
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FCC gasoline desulphurisation for Tier 3 sulphur compliance
Sep-2017
FCC gasoline desulphurisation is used widely in refineries around the world. It is growing in importance because of new regulations that require sulphur ...
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Dealing with depleting sour gas reserves: Part 1
Jul-2015
Depletion of sour gas production in western Canada means that gas plants will have to evaluate their sulphur recovery units for future turndown operat ...
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History and origins of sulphur blocking
Oct-2011
Although sulphur blocks may not always be the first thing to come to mind when asked to consider the critical components of a hydrocarbon processing operation, ...
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Coping with sulphur and water in naphtha isomerisation feeds
Apr-1999
An examination of the operational and economic benefits of an isomerisation process employing a superior water and sulphur tolerant catalyst in particular, ...
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A novel process to reduce aromatics and benzene in reformates
Oct-2009
A catalytic scheme for reducing the aromatics and benzene content in reformates without octane barrel loss uses existing reforming units at Moscow Oil ...
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May-2008
The Shell Claus Offgas Treating (SCOT) process has been developed to remove sulphur compounds from Claus tail gas to comply with even more stringent emission ...
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Field experience with a Claus furnace checker wall
Jan-2014
A new design of Claus furnace checker wall delivers improved mechanical performance and process flow characteristics.
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Sulphur tail gas thermal oxidiser systems
Dec-2008
SRUs (sulphur recovery units) in refineries and gas plants remove sulphur compounds from sulphur containing fuel gases and from natural gas and crude oil ...
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Designing for sulphur removal and storage: part II
Jul-2010
Selection of technologies for the sulphur block must serve legislative demands and the efficient operation of upstream processes
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Improved performance of the Benfield-HiPure process using process simulation
Oct-2013
Natural gas processing plants are an essential part of the energy industry, providing clean burning fuels and valuable chemical feedstock.
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How glycols affect acid gas removal
Oct-2013
How to control the amine unit’s full acid gas capture performance over time and so avoid operational surprises involving glycol build-up
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A few sweet tricks for sour gas
May-2014
Large volumes of acid gas (H2S and SO2-rich gas) are generated from various technologies used to sweeten sour off-gases, or acid gas.
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Tail gas catalyst performance: part 1
Jul-2014
The first part of a two-part account of time and temperature effects on tail gas catalyst performance provides a background to reaction modelling and pilot ...
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Apr-2016
A sandwich catalyst system has given the additional activity needed to process difficult feed in a hydrotreater.
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Future fuel - the challenges associated with renewable diesel hydrotreating
May-2016
As a consequence of the general concern about fossil fuel resources and global warming from CO2 emissions, the use of alternative, sustainable sources ...
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Upgrading sulphur removal performance
Oct-2016
Reverse jet scrubbing enabled a refinery to bypass its upstream tail gas unit while still meeting sulphur removal targets
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Progress in tail gas treatment (TIA)
Oct-2016
The requirement to meet ultra-low SO2 emission standards, even lower than World Bank limits, is becoming more and more prevalent for new natural gas developments ...
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Reconsidering the business case for catalytic dewaxing (ERTC)
Jan-2019
Most refineries try to optimise their product mix to satisfy market demand for ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD) with good cold flow properties during cold ...
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May-2022
Fired heaters, also called furnaces, use the heat from combustion of hydrocarbons to increase the temperature of a fluid. Direct-fired heaters are common ...
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Linings for sulphur storage tanks
Apr-2015
Flexible spray coatings combat the corrosion mechanisms of sulphur stored in steel tanks.
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Process development for Tier 3 low sulfur gasoline
Oct-2018
Gasoline sulphur is being reduced in the United States to meet the EPA’s Tier 3 standard which requires an annual average of 10 ppm sulphur by 2020.
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Solutions for the treatment of highly sour gases
Apr-2012
Process technologies for the cost-effective treatment of natural gas with high and ultra-high acid gas content
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Advances in HF acid alkylation conversion and expansion
Dec-2017
Recent technology developments offer economic conversion and expansion of HF acid alkylation units for sulphuric acid operation.
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Capture and convert - handling mercaptans in hydrocarbon streams
Dec-2008
With the development of increasingly difficult hydrocarbon streams, mercaptans emerge as a major nuisance. The removal and conversion of mercaptans is ...
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Optimising hydrogen sulphide scavenging
Jan-2014
Selecting the right hydrogen sulphide scavenger is important, but appropriate treatment setup and tailored monitoring procedures are key to avoiding o ...
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Heat transfer systems in gas processing
Apr-2015
There are many aspects other than temperature to consider when selecting a high temperature heat transfer fluid for gas processing.
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Tier 3 gasoline from tight oil crudes
Jun-2017
Assessing process schemes to counter loss of gasoline road octane when the crude feed includes tight oil
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Apr-2014
A novel approach to the conversion of hydrogen sulphide to elemental sulphur is expected to extend the economic range for Claus plants.
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Refining/petrochemical integration - FCC gasoline to petrochemicals
May-2015
The global trend in motor fuel consumption favours diesel over gasoline, with gasoline often being in surplus. There is a simultaneous increase in demand ...
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Tackling tighter emissions rules
Jun-2016
A review of the options to raise sulphur emissions performance to meet China’s tightening regulations.
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Optimise the route to emissions compliance
Aug-2017
Increasingly stringent SO2 emission regulations may demand smart and cost-effective alternatives to generic amine based tail gas treating units.
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Residue desulphurisation and conversion
Apr-2006
The current market forces that presage a boom in resid hydrotreatment are examined along with recently reported progress in technology
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Increasing resid processing flexibility
Sep-2018
A resid processing technology converts low value refinery streams to full range refinery products.
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Low cost gasoline from low octane feed
Sep-2018
Naphtha and methanol are the feedstocks for production of high octane, low cost gasoline.
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Wireless instruments in corrosive and hazardous locations
Jun-2018
Wireless instruments introduce a range of benefits in corrosive and hazardous process areas.
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Jun-2018
Achieving the right sulphur plant capacity and configuration is crucial to the proper operation of a refinery.
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Developments in H2S scavenging
Jun-2018
Advances in the application of triazine scavengers have significantly improved process efficiencies.
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Newly completed sulfur project at SAMREF refinery
Mar-2018
Case study of newly completed sulphur project at SAMREF refinery. SAMREF (Saudi Aramco ExxonMobil Refinery) recently completed the design and successful ...
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Dealing with hydrogenation catalyst poisons
Mar-2018
For stable operation of a pyrolysis gasoline unit, it is crucial to know the effects of poisons and inhibitors on catalyst performance and how to counteract ...
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Producing ultra low sulphur gasoline with octane retention
Mar-2018
A drop-in catalyst enabled refiners to meet ultra low sulphur gasoline requirements with more severe feedstocks while retaining octane barrels
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Challenges in producing BS-VI diesel
Mar-2018
An Indian refiner describes the technical challenges of meeting a leap in
fuel quality specification. -
SOx and NOx emission abatement in the FCC
Feb-2018
The complexities of sulphur and nitrogen species formation in the FCC call for tailor made catalyst additive chemistry to limit formation of polluting ...
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Dynamic column simulation delivers reduced relief load
Jan-2018
Dynamic modelling of a gasoline hydrodesulphurisation column simulates the column relief profile during power failure
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Meeting low sulphur diesel challenges
Dec-2017
Liquid stream hydroprocessing technology enabled a refiner to meet fast-changing diesel sulphur specifications and process a wide variety of feedstock ...
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Advances in HF acid alkylation conversion and expansion
Dec-2017
Recent technology developments offer economic conversion and expansion of HF acid alkylation units for sulphuric acid operation.
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Meeting emission targets with potential savings
Nov-2017
New solvent and catalyst technologies deliver a step change in tail gas treating performance for green- and brownfield sites.
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Key steps for refiners ahead of IMO 2020 (ERTC)
Nov-2017
The reality is that many refiners remain unprepared for IMO MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI (IMO 2020). These regulations, which will substantially tighten the global ...
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High-efficiency filtration extends SRU cycle length (ERTC)
Nov-2017
At a facility in the heart of Western Europe, engineers had all but resigned to their fate: every 60 days, they would have to take down a whole section ...
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Refiners respond to challenge (ERTC)
Nov-2017
It seems that only yesterday European refiners were facing catastrophic decline. With three million barrels of annual capacity taken off-line in the years ...
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Accurate, real-time H2S measurement achieved with in-line analyser (ERTC)
Nov-2017
Arkema, in keeping with its policy of innovation, introduces an additional service to its current Carelflex service that helps refiners to perform the ...
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Compact modular sulphur recovery solutions
Oct-2017
Prosernat has been awarded a contract for the delivery of modular Sulphur Recovery Units (SRUs) for an Early Production Facility (EPF) project in Middle ...
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FCC gasoline desulphurisation for Tier 3 sulphur compliance
Sep-2017
FCC gasoline desulphurisation is used widely in refineries around the world. It is growing in importance because of new regulations that require sulphur ...
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Unlocking the potential of existing gas processing assets through solvent swaps
Aug-2017
Given the global challenges of investing in new gas-processing capital projects, unlocking the potential of existing operating facilities through selective ...
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Optimise the route to emissions compliance
Aug-2017
Increasingly stringent SO2 emission regulations may demand smart and cost-effective alternatives to generic amine based tail gas treating units.
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APC in a mild hydrocracker fractionator
Jul-2017
Advanced process control of a mild hydrocracker can save millions of dollars annually by maximising kerosene and/or diesel
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Flexible thinking for capital projects
Jun-2017
Conventional project planning and execution may not be the best approach for gas treating and sulphur recovery installations.
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Improving sulphur plant performance
Jun-2017
Strict attention to utilities is critical to ensure safe and reliable sulphur recovery unit operation