Gasoline and diesel imbalances in the Atlantic Basin: part II

Oct-2011

Options to re-orientate a refinery’s production towards middle distillates. European refineries currently produce a surplus of gasoline and insufficient ...

Direct oxidation sulphur recovery process for very lean acid gas applications

Jun-2016

Due to higher demand in desulphurisation and new environmental regulations, Companies need to find robust and efficient technologies while considering ...

Combining acid gas treating and amine tail gas treating (TIA)

Oct-2015

One of the challenges in designing a natural gas treatment plant is to optimise the combination of the acid gas removal (AGR) unit and the sulphur recovery ...

Selective FCC naphtha desulphurisation

Apr-1999

By combining specially designed catalyst and process technology, the SCANfining process selectively removes sulphur from FCC naphthas while preserving ...

Loading up liquid

Jan-2013

Issues that arise when transporting liquid sulphur away from the production site. It is a fairly common occurrence to see tank trucks or rail cars transporting ...

Fast turnaround for a SRU tail gas scrubber

Oct-2011

Reuse of groundwork and equipment, as well as previous experience in meeting permitting regulations enabled an 18-week turnaround of a tail gas scrubb ...

How glycols affect acid gas removal

Oct-2013

How to control the amine unit’s full acid gas capture performance over time and so avoid operational surprises involving glycol build-up

Claus sulphur recovery options

Apr-1997

This article examines some Claus modifications which can alleviate operational difficulties and improve overall sulphur recovery

Key steps for refiners ahead of IMO 2020 (ERTC)

Nov-2017

The reality is that many refiners remain unprepared for IMO MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI (IMO 2020). These regulations, which will substantially tighten the global ...

Reducing harmful emissions

Sep-2015

In order to comply with ever-tightening regulations, shipping operators must find ways to reduce atmospheric emissions. Carrying as much as 90% of world ...

Challenges in producing BS-VI diesel

Mar-2018

An Indian refiner describes the technical challenges of meeting a leap in
fuel quality specification.

Membrane separation for clean fuels

Jul-2004

An illustration of how membrane separation technology can be integrated into a clean fuel strategy at low capital cost relative to hydrotreating

Producing ultra low sulphur gasoline with octane retention

Mar-2018

A drop-in catalyst enabled refiners to meet ultra low sulphur gasoline requirements with more severe feedstocks while retaining octane barrels

Regenerable tail gas treatment

Nov-2016

Cost assessment of tail gas treating technologies that recycle H2S or SO2 to the Claus unit.

Pushing the limits of FCC gasoline desulphurisation

Jul-2016

The goal of FCC gasoline desulphurisation to desulphurise FCC gasoline with minimum octane loss. The process uses conventional naphtha hydrotreating and ...

Newly completed sulfur project at SAMREF refinery

Mar-2018

Case study of newly completed sulphur project at SAMREF refinery. SAMREF (Saudi Aramco ExxonMobil Refinery) recently completed the design and successful ...

Revamping hydrogen and sulphur plants to meet future challenges

Oct-2009

Revamp opportunities for hydrogen and sulphur plant operations in the era of clean fuels production offer significant benefits for refiners

GSR the only proven FCC catalysts and additives for gasoline sulphur reduction

May-2015

Grace GSR® technologies: D-PriSM®, SuRCA®, and GSR® 5, are the result of nearly two decades of innovation. GSR has been used in over 100 FCC units ...

FCC gasoline desulphurisation for Tier 3 sulphur compliance

Sep-2017

FCC gasoline desulphurisation is used widely in refineries around the world. It is growing in importance because of new regulations that require sulphur ...

Dealing with depleting sour gas reserves: Part 1

Jul-2015

Depletion of sour gas production in western Canada means that gas plants will have to evaluate their sulphur recovery units for future turndown operat ...

History and origins of sulphur blocking

Oct-2011

Although sulphur blocks may not always be the first thing to come to mind when asked to consider the critical components of a hydrocarbon processing operation, ...

Coping with sulphur and water in naphtha isomerisation feeds

Apr-1999

An examination of the operational and economic benefits of an isomerisation process employing a superior water and sulphur tolerant catalyst in particular, ...

A novel process to reduce aromatics and benzene in reformates

Oct-2009

A catalytic scheme for reducing the aromatics and benzene content in reformates without octane barrel loss uses existing reforming units at Moscow Oil ...

How low can it go?

May-2008

The Shell Claus Offgas Treating (SCOT) process has been developed to remove sulphur compounds from Claus tail gas to comply with even more stringent emission ...

Field experience with a Claus furnace checker wall

Jan-2014

A new design of Claus furnace checker wall delivers improved mechanical performance and process flow characteristics.

Sulphur tail gas thermal oxidiser systems

Dec-2008

SRUs (sulphur recovery units) in refineries and gas plants remove sulphur compounds from sulphur containing fuel gases and from natural gas and crude oil ...

Designing for sulphur removal and storage: part II

Jul-2010

Selection of technologies for the sulphur block must serve legislative demands and the efficient operation of upstream processes

Improved performance of the Benfield-HiPure process using process simulation

Oct-2013

Natural gas processing plants are an essential part of the energy industry, providing clean burning fuels and valuable chemical feedstock.

How glycols affect acid gas removal

Oct-2013

How to control the amine unit’s full acid gas capture performance over time and so avoid operational surprises involving glycol build-up

A few sweet tricks for sour gas

May-2014

Large volumes of acid gas (H2S and SO2-rich gas) are generated from various technologies used to sweeten sour off-gases, or acid gas.

Tail gas catalyst performance: part 1

Jul-2014

The first part of a two-part account of time and temperature effects on tail gas catalyst performance provides a background to reaction modelling and pilot ...

Revamping for ULSD production

Apr-2016

A sandwich catalyst system has given the additional activity needed to process difficult feed in a hydrotreater.

Future fuel - the challenges associated with renewable diesel hydrotreating

May-2016

As a consequence of the general concern about fossil fuel resources and global warming from CO2 emissions, the use of alternative, sustainable sources ...

Upgrading sulphur removal performance

Oct-2016

Reverse jet scrubbing enabled a refinery to bypass its upstream tail gas unit while still meeting sulphur removal targets

Progress in tail gas treatment (TIA)

Oct-2016

The requirement to meet ultra-low SO2 emission standards, even lower than World Bank limits, is becoming more and more prevalent for new natural gas developments ...

Reconsidering the business case for catalytic dewaxing (ERTC)

Jan-2019

Most refineries try to optimise their product mix to satisfy market demand for ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD) with good cold flow properties during cold ...

Reducing CO2 and NOx while Increasing efficiency from fired heaters without selective catalytic reduction

May-2022

Fired heaters, also called furnaces, use the heat from combustion of hydrocarbons to increase the temperature of a fluid. Direct-fired heaters are common ...

Linings for sulphur storage tanks

Apr-2015

Flexible spray coatings combat the corrosion mechanisms of sulphur stored in steel tanks.

Process development for Tier 3 low sulfur gasoline

Oct-2018

Gasoline sulphur is being reduced in the United States to meet the EPA’s Tier 3 standard which requires an annual average of 10 ppm sulphur by 2020.

Solutions for the treatment of highly 
sour gases

Apr-2012

Process technologies for the cost-effective treatment of natural gas with high and ultra-high acid gas content

Advances in HF acid alkylation conversion and expansion

Dec-2017

Recent technology developments offer economic conversion and expansion of HF acid alkylation units for sulphuric acid operation.

Capture and convert - handling mercaptans in hydrocarbon streams

Dec-2008

With the development of increasingly difficult hydrocarbon streams, mercaptans emerge as a major nuisance. The removal and conversion of mercaptans is ...

Optimising hydrogen sulphide scavenging

Jan-2014

Selecting the right hydrogen sulphide scavenger is important, but appropriate treatment setup and tailored monitoring procedures are key to avoiding o ...

Heat transfer systems in gas processing

Apr-2015

There are many aspects other than temperature to consider when selecting a high temperature heat transfer fluid for gas processing.

Tier 3 gasoline from tight oil crudes

Jun-2017

Assessing process schemes to counter loss of gasoline road octane when the crude feed includes tight oil

Eliminating the claus furnace

Apr-2014

A novel approach to the conversion of hydrogen sulphide to elemental sulphur is expected to extend the economic range for Claus plants.

Refining/petrochemical integration 
- FCC gasoline to petrochemicals

May-2015

The global trend in motor fuel consumption favours diesel over gasoline, with gasoline often being in surplus. There is a simultaneous increase in demand ...

Tackling tighter emissions rules

Jun-2016

A review of the options to raise sulphur emissions performance to meet China’s tightening regulations.

Optimise the route to emissions compliance

Aug-2017

Increasingly stringent SO2 emission regulations may demand smart and 
cost-effective alternatives to generic amine based tail gas treating units.

Residue desulphurisation and conversion

Apr-2006

The current market forces that presage a boom in resid hydrotreatment are examined along with recently reported progress in technology