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Phased investment 
for H2S removal
Oct-2008
Awareness of H2S removal process steps and how they can be combined to reduce costs compared to the use of a single sweetening unit operation
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An optimum line-up for sour gas processing
Apr-2010
Analysis of technical, economic and licensing considerations in the selection of an optimum gas treating line-up recommends a choice of technologies
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Direct oxidation sulphur recovery process for very lean acid gas applications
Jun-2016
Due to higher demand in desulphurisation and new environmental regulations, Companies need to find robust and efficient technologies while considering ...
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How glycols affect acid gas removal
Oct-2013
How to control the amine unit’s full acid gas capture performance over time and so avoid operational surprises involving glycol build-up
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Combining acid gas treating and amine tail gas treating (TIA)
Oct-2015
One of the challenges in designing a natural gas treatment plant is to optimise the combination of the acid gas removal (AGR) unit and the sulphur recovery ...
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Amine cleaning in gas treating
Jul-2020
Effective amine cleaning requires a three-step filtration system
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Selective FCC naphtha desulphurisation
Apr-1999
By combining specially designed catalyst and process technology, the SCANfining process selectively removes sulphur from FCC naphthas while preserving ...
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High sulphur recovery with ease 
of operation
Jan-2015
A process performing sulphur recovery and tail gas treatment in two catalytic reactor units exceeded guaranteed recovery limits from start-up.
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Gasoline and diesel imbalances in the Atlantic Basin: part II
Oct-2011
Options to re-orientate a refinery’s production towards middle distillates. European refineries currently produce a surplus of gasoline and insufficient ...
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Digitalisation in refining and petrochemicals
Dec-2019
The introduction of IIoT technologies is helping two companies improve their decision making and performance.
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History and origins of sulphur blocking
Oct-2011
Although sulphur blocks may not always be the first thing to come to mind when asked to consider the critical components of a hydrocarbon processing operation, ...
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FCC gasoline desulphurisation for Tier 3 sulphur compliance
Sep-2017
FCC gasoline desulphurisation is used widely in refineries around the world. It is growing in importance because of new regulations that require sulphur ...
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Newly completed sulfur project at SAMREF refinery
Mar-2018
Case study of newly completed sulphur project at SAMREF refinery. SAMREF (Saudi Aramco ExxonMobil Refinery) recently completed the design and successful ...
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Regenerable tail gas treatment
Nov-2016
Cost assessment of tail gas treating technologies that recycle H2S or SO2 to the Claus unit.
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Fast turnaround for a SRU tail gas scrubber
Oct-2011
Reuse of groundwork and equipment, as well as previous experience in meeting permitting regulations enabled an 18-week turnaround of a tail gas scrubb ...
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Claus sulphur recovery options
Apr-1997
This article examines some Claus modifications which can alleviate operational difficulties and improve overall sulphur recovery
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Three ways to effectively monitor total chlorine in liquid hydrocarbons
Feb-2018
Corrosion at petroleum refineries is a critical problem all over the world. In the United States alone, NACE International, a professional association ...
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Key steps for refiners ahead of IMO 2020 (ERTC)
Nov-2017
The reality is that many refiners remain unprepared for IMO MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI (IMO 2020). These regulations, which will substantially tighten the global ...
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Challenges in producing BS-VI diesel
Mar-2018
An Indian refiner describes the technical challenges of meeting a leap in
fuel quality specification. -
Coping with sulphur and water in naphtha isomerisation feeds
Apr-1999
An examination of the operational and economic benefits of an isomerisation process employing a superior water and sulphur tolerant catalyst in particular, ...
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Sep-2015
In order to comply with ever-tightening regulations, shipping operators must find ways to reduce atmospheric emissions. Carrying as much as 90% of world ...
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Membrane separation for clean fuels
Jul-2004
An illustration of how membrane separation technology can be integrated into a clean fuel strategy at low capital cost relative to hydrotreating
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Pushing the limits of FCC gasoline desulphurisation
Jul-2016
The goal of FCC gasoline desulphurisation to desulphurise FCC gasoline with minimum octane loss. The process uses conventional naphtha hydrotreating and ...
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GSR the only proven FCC catalysts and additives for gasoline sulphur reduction
May-2015
Grace GSR® technologies: D-PriSM®, SuRCA®, and GSR® 5, are the result of nearly two decades of innovation. GSR has been used in over 100 FCC units ...
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Revamping hydrogen and sulphur plants to meet future challenges
Oct-2009
Revamp opportunities for hydrogen and sulphur plant operations in the era of clean fuels production offer significant benefits for refiners
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Oxygen enriched sulphur recovery
Apr-2015
Revamping its SRU to oxygen enriched operation increased a refiner’s sulphur processing capacity and significantly reduced operating costs.
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Sulphuric acid recovery from sulphurous waste streams
Oct-1998
The WSA process is a catalytic system for producing concentrated sulphuric acid from any sulphur-containing offgas, without the use of chemicals
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Advanced recycle paraffin isomerisation technology
Apr-2001
An examination of how combining chlorinated catalyst, molecular sieves and well designed process configurations can maximise the value of C5/C6 strea ...
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IMO 2020 — the deadline approaches
May-2019
How is the refining industry reacting to the shake-up with less than a year to go? The refining industry has responded to the forthcoming IMO 2020 lower ...
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Flexible thinking for capital projects
Jun-2017
Conventional project planning and execution may not be the best approach for gas treating and sulphur recovery installations.
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Advanced sulphur analysis in hydrocarbons
Sep-2017
Petra MAX™ delivers advanced D4294 sulphur analysis in addition to 12 elements from P to Zn including Ca, Fe, K, Ni, and V at sub-ppm levels for various ...
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Key steps for refiners ahead of IMO 2020 (ERTC)
Nov-2017
The reality is that many refiners remain unprepared for IMO MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI (IMO 2020). These regulations, which will substantially tighten the global ...
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Dealing with hydrogenation catalyst poisons
Mar-2018
For stable operation of a pyrolysis gasoline unit, it is crucial to know the effects of poisons and inhibitors on catalyst performance and how to counteract ...
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Sulphur tail gas thermal oxidiser systems
Dec-2008
SRUs (sulphur recovery units) in refineries and gas plants remove sulphur compounds from sulphur containing fuel gases and from natural gas and crude oil ...
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Improving reaction furnace performance with the Blasch VectorWall mixing checkerwall
Sep-2013
Operators of large refractory lined combustion chambers, whether used as primary reaction furnaces, thermal oxidisers in tail gas units or miscellaneous ...
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Kinetic engine drives catalyst development
Apr-2016
Development of a NiMo catalyst for medium-to-high and high pressure middle distillates hydrotreating.
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Ultra low sulphur analysis in liquid petroleum using MWDXRF
Jan-2018
Tougher regulations are challenging refiners to produce higher quality products while trying to maximise efficiency.
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Meeting low sulphur diesel challenges
Dec-2017
Liquid stream hydroprocessing technology enabled a refiner to meet fast-changing diesel sulphur specifications and process a wide variety of feedstock ...
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Improving sulphur plant performance
Jun-2017
Strict attention to utilities is critical to ensure safe and reliable sulphur recovery unit operation
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Sulphur recovery from lean 
sour gas streams
Nov-2013
Gas streams are often treated with amine or membrane systems to meet specifications before the gas can be sent to a pipeline or used in a fuel gas system. ...
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Unload the SRU to reduce plugging problems and operating costs
May-2015
A crude oil refinery may need additional sulphur recovery capacity for any of a combination of reasons:
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A step change in tail gas treating unit performance at low cost with SCOT ULTRA
May-2017
Two projects helped a TGT unit to improve its operability and lower operating costs while meeting tough emission requirements.
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Designing for sulphur removal and storage: part II
Jul-2010
Selection of technologies for the sulphur block must serve legislative demands and the efficient operation of upstream processes
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Improved performance of the Benfield-HiPure process using process simulation
Oct-2013
Natural gas processing plants are an essential part of the energy industry, providing clean burning fuels and valuable chemical feedstock.
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How glycols affect acid gas removal
Oct-2013
How to control the amine unit’s full acid gas capture performance over time and so avoid operational surprises involving glycol build-up
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Tail gas catalyst performance: part 1
Jul-2014
The first part of a two-part account of time and temperature effects on tail gas catalyst performance provides a background to reaction modelling and pilot ...
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Apr-2016
A sandwich catalyst system has given the additional activity needed to process difficult feed in a hydrotreater.
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Progress in tail gas treatment (TIA)
Oct-2016
The requirement to meet ultra-low SO2 emission standards, even lower than World Bank limits, is becoming more and more prevalent for new natural gas developments ...
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Reconsidering the business case for catalytic dewaxing (ERTC)
Jan-2019
Most refineries try to optimise their product mix to satisfy market demand for ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD) with good cold flow properties during cold ...
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Renewable Identification Numbers, sulphur credit pricing and economics
Dec-2020
Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) are credits used to certify compliance with the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) which requires certain minimum volumes ...
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Laser based analysis for thermal incinerators
Nov-2019
An analyser design based on a tunable diode laser aims for more reliable and cost-effective combustion measurement in sulphur removal operations
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Installation of a new flue gas tunnel design concept and resulting operation
Oct-2019
Conventional tunnels incorporate physical features that constrain design efficacy resulting in non-uniform flue gas flow both along the length of the tunnels ...
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Residuum hydrocracking: chemistry and catalysis
Aug-2019
Significant advances have been made in understanding the hydrocracking chemistry of residuum oils and in the catalytic systems required for deep conversion ...
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Improving the flow, installation experience with a new reformer flue gas tunnel system
Jul-2019
For decades, down-fired steam methane reformer furnaces have used flue gas tunnels (or ‘coffins’) along the radiant section floor to collect and improve ...
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Operational challenges in sour 
water stripping
Jul-2019
How to keep a sour water stripper at optimum performance between shutdowns.
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Solving hydrotreating fouling problems
Jul-2019
Upgraded antifoulant technology is helping refiners to overcome the increased hydrotreater fouling issues that result from more stringent fuel sulphur ...
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IMO 2020 — the deadline approaches
May-2019
How is the refining industry reacting to the shake-up with less than a year to go? The refining industry has responded to the forthcoming IMO 2020 lower ...
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Technology selection for a natural gas plant
May-2019
Selecting equipment for a sulphur block requires balancing technical performance and costs, as well as local conditions and regulations.
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Best practices for improved sulphur repeatability
Mar-2019
There has been an increased need for quality data as petroleum labs around the globe are tasked with adhering to stricter sulphur regulations.
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Get fast D4294 sulphur results without centrifuging
Feb-2019
Petroleum professionals looking to certify their products are commonly tied to specific method types for analysis.
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Reconsidering the business case for catalytic dewaxing (ERTC)
Jan-2019
Most refineries try to optimise their product mix to satisfy market demand for ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD) with good cold flow properties during cold ...
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In-line H2S analysis during sulphiding (ERTC)
Jan-2019
Real-time, in-line analysis of the H2S concentration during hydroprocessing catalyst activation with DMDS Evolution E2 reduces the risk of exposure to ...
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Drop-in catalyst generates more jet fuel and full range diesel (TIA)
Nov-2018
A North American refiner was producing ultra low sulphur diesel (ULSD) in a 800 psig hydrotreater.
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Process development for Tier 3 low sulfur gasoline
Oct-2018
Gasoline sulphur is being reduced in the United States to meet the EPA’s Tier 3 standard which requires an annual average of 10 ppm sulphur by 2020.
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Precision comparison between ASTM test methods D7039, D2622, and D5453
Sep-2018
For many years, professionals in the petroleum industry have faced challenges regarding compliance and quality of product.
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Increasing resid processing flexibility
Sep-2018
A resid processing technology converts low value refinery streams to full range refinery products.
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Low cost gasoline from low octane feed
Sep-2018
Naphtha and methanol are the feedstocks for production of high octane, 
low cost gasoline.
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A new solution to eliminate centrifuge for sulphur in crude oil analysis
Jun-2018
Test methods for measuring sulphur content, like ASTM D4294 and ISO 8754, have become critical for assessing the value of crude oil.
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Wireless instruments in corrosive and hazardous locations
Jun-2018
Wireless instruments introduce a range of benefits in corrosive and 
hazardous process areas.
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Jun-2018
Achieving the right sulphur plant capacity and configuration is crucial to the proper operation of a refinery.
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Developments in H2S scavenging
Jun-2018
Advances in the application of triazine scavengers have significantly 
improved process efficiencies.
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Automatic matrix correction for C/H ratio in 4294 sulfur analysis
Mar-2018
Recent international trends across a majority of fuel types have focused on lowering specifications for total sulphur. These changes in regulation are ...
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Newly completed sulfur project at SAMREF refinery
Mar-2018
Case study of newly completed sulphur project at SAMREF refinery. SAMREF (Saudi Aramco ExxonMobil Refinery) recently completed the design and successful ...
-
Dealing with hydrogenation catalyst poisons
Mar-2018
For stable operation of a pyrolysis gasoline unit, it is crucial to know the effects of poisons and inhibitors on catalyst performance and how to counteract ...
-
Producing ultra low sulphur gasoline with octane retention
Mar-2018
A drop-in catalyst enabled refiners to meet ultra low sulphur gasoline requirements with more severe feedstocks while retaining octane barrels