ARTICLES
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Nov-2005
A review of improvements to the Shan Shan LNG processing facilities, ranging from gas treatment and liquefaction with a single mixed refrigerant cycle ...
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Feb-2007
Why there is no excuse for operating a dirty amine system. The benefits of reclaiming amine systems are trumpeted by many and doubted by others.
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Small-scale LNG — what refrigeration technology is the best?
Mar-2014
Currently, low natural gas prices are allowing multiple secondary players in the U.S. market to consider investments in small-scale LNG plants.
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Practical flare gas recovery for minimising flaring
Apr-2015
Flares play a critical role as a safety device in refineries, and in most oil and gas producing or processing facilities.
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Submerged combustion vaporisers for LNG distribution facilities
Apr-1997
Submerged combustion vaporisers, used to vaporise LNG stored under low temperature, are ideal for peak shaving and base load facilities
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Conversion of syngas to diesel
Apr-2008
An overview of Fischer-Tropsch technologies for the production of diesel from syngas using a variety of feedstocks
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Analysis method for determining bound and free alkanolamines in HSS contaminated solutions
Jul-1990
A conductometric titration method has been developed to determine the true available alkanolamine in solutions used for H2S and CO2 removal from refinery ...
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Apr-2011
Microchannel reactor technology is on trial for the small-scale production of liquids from stranded gas
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Modelling to optimise natural gas dehydration
Apr-2009
Computer modelling can help processors to understand the severity of conditions in molecular sieves used for the dehydration of natural gas
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Improving CO2 absorber performance in LNG production
Apr-2015
Simulation of deep CO2 removal in LNG and syngas applications, combined with intercooling, maximises effectiveness of piperazine-promoted MDEA solvent ...
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Hydrocarbon removal from amines demonstrated experience
Mar-2006
Bringing amine system contaminants down to low levels has reduced operational problems. Several large operating facilities are now using the latest technology ...
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Modular design of smaller-scale GTL plants
Jan-2013
Modularisation is opening up opportunities for GTL plants to monetise small-scale natural gas deposits both on- and offshore
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Removing liquid-phase contaminants from hydrocarbon liquids
Jun-2017
A glass-free liquid/liquid coalescer system provides efficient filtration and liquid contaminants separation from NGL products
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How to read a regulator flow curve
Sep-2011
The best way to select a regulator for your application is to examine its flow curve, which is often provided by the manufacturer. “Flow curve” is ...
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Risks of accumulated sulphur in sulphur recovery unit
Aug-1998
Follow-up data to an October 1997 article proves with refinery experience that caustic neutralisation does not improve system operations
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Selecting technologies for onshore 
LNG production
Apr-2010
For optimal design of LNG production plants, selection of the individual units must be made on the basis of an integrated approach
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Simulation of the Benfield HiPure process of natural gas sweetening for LNG production
Apr-2013
Achieving specifications given by customers, including pipeline-operating companies, LNG storage facilities, and gas-processing plants requires the removal ...
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Countering hydrate formation in an NGL recovery unit
May-2018
Process modelling can be used to validate data from the plant and identify the most effective approach to process optimisation.
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Managing construction projects using welding coordinator software
Jun-2008
This article describes the construction of LNG facilities by CB&I and how the Welding Coordinator software developed by TWI helped CB&I manage the construction ...
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GTL adds value to gas production
Apr-2012
Distributed GTL plants could provide economic monetisation of shale gas, associated gas and stranded gas
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Sep-2015
In order to comply with ever-tightening regulations, shipping operators must find ways to reduce atmospheric emissions. Carrying as much as 90% of world ...
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Combating the threat of mercury
Mar-2012
Emerging legally binding action on mercury emissions highlights the importance of monitoring and quantifying emissions from gas operations
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Operational feedback from the Nkossa Drizo gas dehydration unit offshore Congo
Mar-2017
For more than 15 years the NKossa barge has been in operation offshore Congo. Design of the facility was to perform deep NGL recovery from the associated ...
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Engineering gas-to-liquids projects — Part 1
Jul-2004
An insight into the R&D, optimisation and engineering activities needed to take Fischer-Tropsch pilot plant data through all development stages
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StarLNG standard small-scale 
LNG plants
Oct-2013
Driven by growing domestic natural gas reserves, favourable gas prices and stricter emission regulations in North America, LNG is beginning to replace ...
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Jun-2021
Advances in floating liquefied natural gas production technology are becoming an important factor in maintaining sustained growth of the natural gas i ...
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Mar-2022
OPEC+ relations have become fractious through the coronavirus pandemic, and the inequalities between richer and poorer members could increase
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Worldwide gas industry goes full throttle
Jun-2022
As the world transitions to low-carbon energy sources like LNG, gas markets are diversifying further into hydrogen, ammonia, methanol and petrochemica ...
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Intervening when feed gas is too lean: Heavies removal challenges for LNG projects
Apr-2023
UOP and Kiewit, based on previous work experience, have found that one size does not fit all when it comes to gas treating for LNG plants.
-
Countering hydrate formation in an NGL recovery unit
May-2018
Process modelling can be used to validate data from the plant and identify the most effective approach to process optimisation.
-
Submerged combustion vaporisers for LNG distribution facilities
Apr-1997
Submerged combustion vaporisers, used to vaporise LNG stored under low temperature, are ideal for peak shaving and base load facilities
-
How to read a regulator flow curve
Sep-2011
The best way to select a regulator for your application is to examine its flow curve, which is often provided by the manufacturer. “Flow curve” is ...
-
Small-scale LNG — what refrigeration technology is the best?
Mar-2014
Currently, low natural gas prices are allowing multiple secondary players in the U.S. market to consider investments in small-scale LNG plants.
-
Removing liquid-phase contaminants from hydrocarbon liquids
Jun-2017
A glass-free liquid/liquid coalescer system provides efficient filtration and liquid contaminants separation from NGL products
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Gas treating simulation — a holistic perspective part 3: co2 removal in an LNG plant
May-2013
This is the final article in a three-part series dealing with CO2 removal in a variety of real-world cases in which the behaviour of the gas treating plant ...
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Feed conditioning technologies for gas processing plants
Jan-2019
Recent contactor developments remove soluble gas phase contaminants from the feed gas stream.
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Combating the threat of mercury
Mar-2012
Emerging legally binding action on mercury emissions highlights the importance of monitoring and quantifying emissions from gas operations
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Assessing LNG feed gas depressurisation
Nov-2023
Methods and models for estimating time-dependent profiles of mass discharge rates, pressures, and temperatures for LNG feed gas non-adiabatic depressurisation ...
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Estimating natural gas demand at a petrochemical complex
Nov-2023
A robust model has been developed to predict a plant’s natural gas demand, accounting for fluctuating capacities and anticipated fuel gas and steam ...
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Conversion of syngas to diesel
Apr-2008
An overview of Fischer-Tropsch technologies for the production of diesel from syngas using a variety of feedstocks
-
Modelling to optimise natural gas dehydration
Apr-2009
Computer modelling can help processors to understand the severity of conditions in molecular sieves used for the dehydration of natural gas
-
Advancements in retrofits for existing NGL recovery plants
Oct-2023
Better plant performance is achieved using proven retrofit techniques to upgrade a gas subcooled process or older plant with more recent retrofit tech ...
-
Practical flare gas recovery for minimising flaring
Apr-2015
Flares play a critical role as a safety device in refineries, and in most oil and gas producing or processing facilities.
-
Apr-2011
Microchannel reactor technology is on trial for the small-scale production of liquids from stranded gas
-
StarLNG standard small-scale 
LNG plants
Oct-2013
Driven by growing domestic natural gas reserves, favourable gas prices and stricter emission regulations in North America, LNG is beginning to replace ...
-
Feb-2007
Why there is no excuse for operating a dirty amine system. The benefits of reclaiming amine systems are trumpeted by many and doubted by others.
-
Analysis method for determining bound and free alkanolamines in HSS contaminated solutions
Jul-1990
A conductometric titration method has been developed to determine the true available alkanolamine in solutions used for H2S and CO2 removal from refinery ...
-
Modular design of smaller-scale GTL plants
Jan-2013
Modularisation is opening up opportunities for GTL plants to monetise small-scale natural gas deposits both on- and offshore
-
Shale feedstocks fuel ethylene, LNG and petrochemical derivatives expansion
Apr-2014
In spite of the variability in shale composition causing operational challenges for refiners, monetisation opportunities are seen throughout the energy ...
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Dryout design considerations for cryogenic gas plants: Part 2
May-2024
Closed-loop recirculation dryout removes water more efficiently, monitors dryout progress more easily, and allows for a quicker transition to plant co ...
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Dryout design considerations for cryogenic gas plants: Part 1
May-2024
A well-conducted cold plant dryout will help plant commissioning and ensure start-up goes smoothly and does not last any longer than necessary.
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Nov-2023
European refiners are grappling with complex challenges related to environmental regulations, changing market dynamics, and global competition.
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Cost-driven natural gas vs hydrogen power for generators (RI 2023)
Nov-2023
Regulatory policies promoting green hydrogen are accelerating, but natural gas (NG) is far more competitive on a per-cost basis.
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Assessing LNG feed gas depressurisation
Nov-2023
Methods and models for estimating time-dependent profiles of mass discharge rates, pressures, and temperatures for LNG feed gas non-adiabatic depressurisation ...
-
Estimating natural gas demand at a petrochemical complex
Nov-2023
A robust model has been developed to predict a plant’s natural gas demand, accounting for fluctuating capacities and anticipated fuel gas and steam ...
-
Advancements in retrofits for existing NGL recovery plants
Oct-2023
Better plant performance is achieved using proven retrofit techniques to upgrade a gas subcooled process or older plant with more recent retrofit tech ...
-
Intervening when feed gas is too lean: Heavies removal challenges for LNG projects
Apr-2023
UOP and Kiewit, based on previous work experience, have found that one size does not fit all when it comes to gas treating for LNG plants.
-
Monetisation gas resources through LNG, hydrogen, and ammonia
Apr-2023
Capturing profitability in the downstream hydrocarbon processing industry’s transition to net zero emissions weights heavily on leveraging natural gas ...
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Apr-2023
As oil, coal, and other energy sources decline in the energy transition to net zero, LNG demand will remain strong in the long transition to renewable ...
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Optimising nitrogen utilisation in refinery operations
Feb-2023
Technical aspects and insights on managing nitrogen by considering actual operational scenarios.
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Stahl Columns: An alternative to molecular sieves?
Jun-2022
Case study and independent cost estimations lay out what may someday become the standard way to achieve deep dehydration of produced gas streams.
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Worldwide gas industry goes full throttle
Jun-2022
As the world transitions to low-carbon energy sources like LNG, gas markets are diversifying further into hydrogen, ammonia, methanol and petrochemica ...
-
Mar-2022
OPEC+ relations have become fractious through the coronavirus pandemic, and the inequalities between richer and poorer members could increase
-
Jun-2021
Advances in floating liquefied natural gas production technology are becoming an important factor in maintaining sustained growth of the natural gas i ...
-
Exhaust scrubbers are a viable option for IMO 2020 (ADS)
Dec-2019
With the goal to reduce airborne sulphur emissions, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has mandated that international shippers use fuel with ...
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Demonstrating the viability of small scale LNG terminals (TIA)
May-2019
The project was intended to create small scale LNG infrastructure and establish the port of Klaipeda as an LNG hub for the Baltic region and northeastern ...
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Feed conditioning technologies for gas processing plants
Jan-2019
Recent contactor developments remove soluble gas phase contaminants from the feed gas stream.
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Liquefaction technology selection for offshore FLNG projects
Jan-2019
Development of a successful offshore floating LNG project depends on an appropriate liquefaction process that best meets project objectives
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Countering hydrate formation in an NGL recovery unit
May-2018
Process modelling can be used to validate data from the plant and identify the most effective approach to process optimisation.
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Producing LNG in the Arctic - Liquefied natural gas from Hammerfest
Jun-2017
Blizzards rage over the Norwegian town of Hammerfest, located around 600 kilometres north of the Arctic Circle. It is hard to think of a more inhospitable ...
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Oxygen for mega GTL and CTL plants - Cutting-edge multi-train solutions
Jun-2017
Conversion processes such as coal to liquids (CTL) and gas to liquids (GTL) require vast amounts of oxygen. More than can be provided by one plant alone. ...
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Removing liquid-phase contaminants from hydrocarbon liquids
Jun-2017
A glass-free liquid/liquid coalescer system provides efficient filtration and liquid contaminants separation from NGL products
-
Operational feedback from the Nkossa Drizo gas dehydration unit offshore Congo
Mar-2017
For more than 15 years the NKossa barge has been in operation offshore Congo. Design of the facility was to perform deep NGL recovery from the associated ...
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Operational Performance Improvement
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Innovative Measurement Technologies
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Why custom catalysts?
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Watlow’s thermal systems optimize your refinery
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Bottom of the barrel upgrading
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ITW technologies online cleaning
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Oil and gas water treatment applications
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