Advanced combustion system for cracking furnaces

Apr-2007

A discussion of design considerations for burner technology used in cracking furnaces. Significant improvements include more uniform heat flux profile, ...

Technologies for meeting MACT II - controlling FCCU regenerator emissions

Sep-1999

For many refineries, an FCCU (Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit) represents the single largest air emission source of particulate and sulphur emissions. Regulatory ...

Controlling FCCU emissions

Mar-1999

More stringent refinery air quality regulations are evolving worldwide, while at the same time refiners are looking to process heavy and sour FCCU (Fluid ...

Gas treating simulation — a holistic perspective part 3: co2 removal in an LNG plant

May-2013

This is the final article in a three-part series dealing with CO2 removal in a variety of real-world cases in which the behaviour of the gas treating plant ...

Controlling flue gas emissions

Apr-2002

This article reviews the latest developments in a wet scrubbing system that is used to reduce particulate SO2 and SO3 within one simple process

Optimization and throughput opportunities at PTT PLC’s amine plant

Jun-2015

Removal of CO2 from natural gas is a necessary treating step before cryogenic processing. At the PTT Public Limited Company Gas Processing Plant 5, the ...

FCC additive demonstrations: Part 1

Jul-2004

A review of the issues associated with the FCC additive testing, data collection and analysis required by the US Environmental Protection Agency’s consent ...

Oxidation catalysts for VOC reduction

Jan-2018

How destruction of volatile organic compounds at lower temperatures is positioning catalytic oxidation systems for the future

Drivers for zero discharge in refineries

Jan-2011

Wastewater treatment utilising zero-discharge techniques has reduced the impact of effluent discharges

Improving energy efficiency

Apr-2009

Major opportunities for energy efficiency and reduction of GHG emissions within a refinery/petrochemical complex are identified. Work process methodology ...

Contaminants and their effects on operations

May-2003

You can have better operating amine and glycol systems, gas processing plants encounter a variety of operational problems in their amine and glycol un ...

System analysis of process burners

Oct-2002

Modelling is now a vital tool in the designing of ultra-low NOx burners, together with advanced problem-solving techniques such as computational fluid ...

SOx additives for tight oils (TIA)

Oct-2015

Many refineries use SOx additives to control flue gas SOx emissions. Worldwide there are vast differences in limits for SOx emissions.

The cost of controlling air emissions generated by FCCUs

Jan-1998

With the trend towards processing heavy and sour feed stock and the strengthening of environmental regulations, refiners are looking for cost effective ...

Using infrared monitors to achieve auxiliary flare pilot monitoring (TIA)

Jul-2018

Infrared flare pilot monitoring as a primary or secondary monitoring solution provides a pilot status signal when thermocouple failures occur and assures ...

Preparing wet scrubbing systems for a future with NOx emission requirements

Sep-2013

This paper examines what refiners may want to consider today in preparation for a future that may have more stringent NOx emission requirements for major ...

A broader view to improve 
energy efficiency

May-2017

A project to improve a FCC unit’s energy efficiency took into account surrounding process units to expand opportunities for saving energy and utilit ...

Monitoring and controlling emissions 
in Europe

Jan-2015

Implementing the EU’s Industrial Emissions Directive calls for quality and consistency in technologies for monitoring and controlling emissions.

Report on the Labsorb regenerative SO2 scrubbing system application at the Eni SpA refinery

Nov-2004

We know that for many years refineries in the USA have been addressing reduction of SO2 and Particulate (PM) for both new and existing sources.

Refinery CO2 challenges: part IV

Oct-2006

The strategic energy review approach is summarised and results from recent studies conducted at a European refinery are discussed

An innovative approach for controlling SOx and particulate flue gas emissions

Sep-2000

Regulatory pressure to control emissions from refineries is rapidly increasing worldwide at the same time that refiners are under constant pressure to ...

Identifying contributors to flaring

Apr-2017

Applying an integrated flare and fuel gas monitoring system to identify and eliminate major contributors to refinery flaring.

Control of air emissions from FCCU regenerator flue gas

Jan-1999

Reduction of air emissions from FCCU regenerator flue gas has become an increasingly important topic.

Online real-time optimisation helps identify energy gaps

Oct-2010

Real-time supervision of a refinery’s energy system enables optimisation of its fuel consumption and emissions levels

Monitoring carbon dioxide

May-2010

Linde Gases is to supply the University of East Anglia (UEA) with a calibration gas at an exceptionally low concentration as part of Project ANDREX.

FCC additive demonstrations Part 2

Oct-2004

An overview of additive technology for reducing SOx and NOx emissions, and a review of CO combustion promoter technology and performance at a refiner ...

A few sweet tricks for sour gas

May-2014

Large volumes of acid gas (H2S and SO2-rich gas) are generated from various technologies used to sweeten sour off-gases, or acid gas.

Practical flare gas recovery for minimising flaring

Apr-2015

Flares play a critical role as a safety device in refineries, and in most oil and gas producing or processing facilities.

System analysis of process burners

Oct-2002

Modelling is now a vital tool in the designing of ultra-low NOx burners, together with advanced problem-solving techniques such as computational fluid ...

Clean generation

Jun-2003

How new wet NOx technology has responded to increasing 
environmental pressures. One of the major concerns for refineries worldwide is nitrogen oxide ...

Advanced combustion system for cracking furnaces

Apr-2007

A discussion of design considerations for burner technology used in cracking furnaces. Significant improvements include more uniform heat flux profile, ...

FCCU particulate emissions control with a Shell third stage separator:
a case study

Sep-2009

Third Stage Separators (TSS) have been utilised for many years to protect turbo expanders installed on FCCU regenerator flue gas systems.

Reducing sulphur oxide emissions from the FCC unit

Feb-2010

Application of a SOx-reduction additive enabled a refiner to meet a pressing requirement to reduce emissions from its FCCU

Practical hydrocarbon dew point specification for natural gas transmission lines

Mar-2011

Hydrocarbon liquid dropout can cause a number of problems in gas transmission lines, including increased pressure drop, reduced line capacity and equipment ...

Engineering a better flaring solution in the Middle East

May-2014

It is not uncommon for new operational regulations and initiatives to present a serious challenge to the preferred practices of the hydrocarbon indust ...

A confounding problem: Vibration issues in boilers and furnaces

Feb-2023

There’s a whole lot of shaking going on – but why? Identifying industry trends that have contributed to this issue and what can increase the likelihood ...

How to improve energy efficiency, reliability and asset integrity

Feb-2023

A global inventory of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions recently published by One Earth suggests that global cumulative emissions could be reduced by up ...

Can refiners afford carbon capture?

Jan-2010

CCS is not widely considered an economical way of reducing refiners’ carbon footprints, but case studies indicate great variation in the cost of imp ...

HCN emissions in fluid catalytic cracking

Apr-2013

Increased attention to refinery emissions of hydrogen cyanide requires detailed understanding of its formation and conversion in the FCC regenerator

Monitoring gas emissions

May-2021

Analysis of gases supports cleaner air initiatives in hydrocarbon processing. Increasingly, plant operators are becoming highly sensitive to their contribution ...

Labsorb: a regenerable wet scrubbing process for controlling SO2 emissions

Jan-2001

The use of a regenerative type scrubbing system that utilises commonly available chemicals is an important evolutionary step in the continuing process ...

Low temperature SCOT Catalyst 
pays off

Dec-2004

Jacobs Nederland B.V. demonstrates how new improvements in low temperature catalysts have boosted the Shell Claus Offgas treating (SCOT) process

SO2 scrubbing in 
refinery applications

Jan-2009

Emissions control and by-product capture can add value from flue gas streams generated by FCCU, process heaters, sulphur plants and spent acid regeneration ...

A step-by-step approach to 
managing emissions

Oct-2010

A comprehensive review of combustion systems and controls underpins a strategy for emissions reduction

The age of turbulence: charting a course for refiners to a profitable future

Nov-2012

Relentless turbulence has profoundly affected the global refining landscape in recent years. Moreover, the turmoil is likely to continue unabated in the ...

SMR integration with increased CO2 production

Feb-2020

Optimising the efficiency of a plant producing hydrogen by natural gas reforming reduces CO2 emissions and lowers fossil fuel consumption.

Reducing refinery SOx emissions

Jul-2006

Through an extensive study and 18-month trial, a Canadian refinery chose SOx reduction additive technology to reduce its SOx emissions

The evolution of 
biodiesel

Oct-2007

The expanding market presence and the breakthrough of refiners into the biodiesel sector are discussed along with commercialised and emerging production ...

How low can it go?

May-2008

The Shell Claus Offgas Treating (SCOT) process has been developed to remove sulphur compounds from Claus tail gas to comply with even more stringent emission ...

Emissions monitoring and detection in the hydrocarbon industry

Feb-2010

Requirements for reducing air pollution emissions have been evolving over the past couple of decades and today are an intricate mix of limits, targets ...