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Advanced combustion system for cracking furnaces
Apr-2007
A discussion of design considerations for burner technology used in cracking furnaces. Significant improvements include more uniform heat flux profile, ...
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Technologies for meeting MACT II - controlling FCCU regenerator emissions
Sep-1999
For many refineries, an FCCU (Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit) represents the single largest air emission source of particulate and sulphur emissions. Regulatory ...
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Mar-1999
More stringent refinery air quality regulations are evolving worldwide, while at the same time refiners are looking to process heavy and sour FCCU (Fluid ...
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Gas treating simulation — a holistic perspective part 3: co2 removal in an LNG plant
May-2013
This is the final article in a three-part series dealing with CO2 removal in a variety of real-world cases in which the behaviour of the gas treating plant ...
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Controlling flue gas emissions
Apr-2002
This article reviews the latest developments in a wet scrubbing system that is used to reduce particulate SO2 and SO3 within one simple process
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Optimization and throughput opportunities at PTT PLC’s amine plant
Jun-2015
Removal of CO2 from natural gas is a necessary treating step before cryogenic processing. At the PTT Public Limited Company Gas Processing Plant 5, the ...
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FCC additive demonstrations: Part 1
Jul-2004
A review of the issues associated with the FCC additive testing, data collection and analysis required by the US Environmental Protection Agency’s consent ...
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Oxidation catalysts for VOC reduction
Jan-2018
How destruction of volatile organic compounds at lower temperatures is positioning catalytic oxidation systems for the future
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Drivers for zero discharge in refineries
Jan-2011
Wastewater treatment utilising zero-discharge techniques has reduced the impact of effluent discharges
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Apr-2009
Major opportunities for energy efficiency and reduction of GHG emissions within a refinery/petrochemical complex are identified. Work process methodology ...
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Contaminants and their effects on operations
May-2003
You can have better operating amine and glycol systems, gas processing plants encounter a variety of operational problems in their amine and glycol un ...
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System analysis of process burners
Oct-2002
Modelling is now a vital tool in the designing of ultra-low NOx burners, together with advanced problem-solving techniques such as computational fluid ...
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SOx additives for tight oils (TIA)
Oct-2015
Many refineries use SOx additives to control flue gas SOx emissions. Worldwide there are vast differences in limits for SOx emissions.
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The cost of controlling air emissions generated by FCCUs
Jan-1998
With the trend towards processing heavy and sour feed stock and the strengthening of environmental regulations, refiners are looking for cost effective ...
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Preparing wet scrubbing systems for a future with NOx emission requirements
Sep-2013
This paper examines what refiners may want to consider today in preparation for a future that may have more stringent NOx emission requirements for major ...
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Using infrared monitors to achieve auxiliary flare pilot monitoring (TIA)
Jul-2018
Infrared flare pilot monitoring as a primary or secondary monitoring solution provides a pilot status signal when thermocouple failures occur and assures ...
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A broader view to improve 
energy efficiency
May-2017
A project to improve a FCC unit’s energy efficiency took into account surrounding process units to expand opportunities for saving energy and utilit ...
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Monitoring and controlling emissions 
in Europe
Jan-2015
Implementing the EU’s Industrial Emissions Directive calls for quality and consistency in technologies for monitoring and controlling emissions.
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Report on the Labsorb regenerative SO2 scrubbing system application at the Eni SpA refinery
Nov-2004
We know that for many years refineries in the USA have been addressing reduction of SO2 and Particulate (PM) for both new and existing sources.
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Refinery CO2 challenges: part IV
Oct-2006
The strategic energy review approach is summarised and results from recent studies conducted at a European refinery are discussed
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An innovative approach for controlling SOx and particulate flue gas emissions
Sep-2000
Regulatory pressure to control emissions from refineries is rapidly increasing worldwide at the same time that refiners are under constant pressure to ...
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Identifying contributors to flaring
Apr-2017
Applying an integrated flare and fuel gas monitoring system to identify and eliminate major contributors to refinery flaring.
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Control of air emissions from FCCU regenerator flue gas
Jan-1999
Reduction of air emissions from FCCU regenerator flue gas has become an increasingly important topic.
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Online real-time optimisation helps identify energy gaps
Oct-2010
Real-time supervision of a refinery’s energy system enables optimisation of its fuel consumption and emissions levels
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The cost of hydrogen production
Apr-2022
Selecting routes to hydrogen production calls for a balance of environmental impact and cost.
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FCC additive demonstrations Part 2
Oct-2004
An overview of additive technology for reducing SOx and NOx emissions, and a review of CO combustion promoter technology and performance at a refiner ...
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A few sweet tricks for sour gas
May-2014
Large volumes of acid gas (H2S and SO2-rich gas) are generated from various technologies used to sweeten sour off-gases, or acid gas.
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Practical flare gas recovery for minimising flaring
Apr-2015
Flares play a critical role as a safety device in refineries, and in most oil and gas producing or processing facilities.
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System analysis of process burners
Oct-2002
Modelling is now a vital tool in the designing of ultra-low NOx burners, together with advanced problem-solving techniques such as computational fluid ...
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Jun-2003
How new wet NOx technology has responded to increasing 
environmental pressures. One of the major concerns for refineries worldwide is nitrogen oxide ...
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Advanced combustion system for cracking furnaces
Apr-2007
A discussion of design considerations for burner technology used in cracking furnaces. Significant improvements include more uniform heat flux profile, ...
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FCCU particulate emissions control with a Shell third stage separator:
a case study
Sep-2009
Third Stage Separators (TSS) have been utilised for many years to protect turbo expanders installed on FCCU regenerator flue gas systems.
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Reducing sulphur oxide emissions from the FCC unit
Feb-2010
Application of a SOx-reduction additive enabled a refiner to meet a pressing requirement to reduce emissions from its FCCU
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Practical hydrocarbon dew point specification for natural gas transmission lines
Mar-2011
Hydrocarbon liquid dropout can cause a number of problems in gas transmission lines, including increased pressure drop, reduced line capacity and equipment ...
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Engineering a better flaring solution in the Middle East
May-2014
It is not uncommon for new operational regulations and initiatives to present a serious challenge to the preferred practices of the hydrocarbon indust ...
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A confounding problem: Vibration issues in boilers and furnaces
Feb-2023
There’s a whole lot of shaking going on – but why? Identifying industry trends that have contributed to this issue and what can increase the likelihood ...
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How to improve energy efficiency, reliability and asset integrity
Feb-2023
A global inventory of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions recently published by One Earth suggests that global cumulative emissions could be reduced by up ...
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Can refiners afford carbon capture?
Jan-2010
CCS is not widely considered an economical way of reducing refiners’ carbon footprints, but case studies indicate great variation in the cost of imp ...
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HCN emissions in fluid catalytic cracking
Apr-2013
Increased attention to refinery emissions of hydrogen cyanide requires detailed understanding of its formation and conversion in the FCC regenerator
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May-2021
Analysis of gases supports cleaner air initiatives in hydrocarbon processing. Increasingly, plant operators are becoming highly sensitive to their contribution ...
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Labsorb: a regenerable wet scrubbing process for controlling SO2 emissions
Jan-2001
The use of a regenerative type scrubbing system that utilises commonly available chemicals is an important evolutionary step in the continuing process ...
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Low temperature SCOT Catalyst 
pays off
Dec-2004
Jacobs Nederland B.V. demonstrates how new improvements in low temperature catalysts have boosted the Shell Claus Offgas treating (SCOT) process
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SO2 scrubbing in 
refinery applications
Jan-2009
Emissions control and by-product capture can add value from flue gas streams generated by FCCU, process heaters, sulphur plants and spent acid regeneration ...
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A step-by-step approach to 
managing emissions
Oct-2010
A comprehensive review of combustion systems and controls underpins a strategy for emissions reduction
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The age of turbulence: charting a course for refiners to a profitable future
Nov-2012
Relentless turbulence has profoundly affected the global refining landscape in recent years. Moreover, the turmoil is likely to continue unabated in the ...
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SMR integration with increased CO2 production
Feb-2020
Optimising the efficiency of a plant producing hydrogen by natural gas reforming reduces CO2 emissions and lowers fossil fuel consumption.
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Reducing refinery SOx emissions
Jul-2006
Through an extensive study and 18-month trial, a Canadian refinery chose SOx reduction additive technology to reduce its SOx emissions
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Oct-2007
The expanding market presence and the breakthrough of refiners into the biodiesel sector are discussed along with commercialised and emerging production ...
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May-2008
The Shell Claus Offgas Treating (SCOT) process has been developed to remove sulphur compounds from Claus tail gas to comply with even more stringent emission ...
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Emissions monitoring and detection in the hydrocarbon industry
Feb-2010
Requirements for reducing air pollution emissions have been evolving over the past couple of decades and today are an intricate mix of limits, targets ...
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Preparing for the energy transition
Feb-2020
The industrial energy transition is characterised by fast-moving changes, technological developments, and a high degree of uncertainty.
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SMR integration with increased CO2 production
Feb-2020
Optimising the efficiency of a plant producing hydrogen by natural gas reforming reduces CO2 emissions and lowers fossil fuel consumption.
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EnviroSOx enables full FCC operation through turnaround
Dec-2019
Applying BASF’s EnviroSOx additive, the PKN ORLEN PÅ‚ock refinery was able to maintain FCC flue gas SOx emissions below 800 mg/Nm3 (@ 3 vol% O2) during ...
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Retrofitting selective catalytic NOx reduction for gas turbines
Dec-2019
Selective catalytic reduction is an effective alternative to combustion management technologies to achieve NOx compliance with existing and new gas tu ...
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NOx control additives continue to reduce emissions (TIA)
Aug-2019
Johnson Matthey’s (JM) NoNOx technology, in conjunction with a non-platinum CO promoter like JM’s COP-NP, can reduce NOx emissions below increasingly ...
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Jul-2019
The availability of devices capable of creating an image of the infrared radiation emitted by an item of process equipment such as the CO2 absorber in ...
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Reducing NOx emissions from an FCC unit (TIA)
Aug-2018
Refinery processes account for a considerable share of the overall emissions of air pollutants in Europe. The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is the ...
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Using infrared monitors to achieve auxiliary flare pilot monitoring (TIA)
Jul-2018
Infrared flare pilot monitoring as a primary or secondary monitoring solution provides a pilot status signal when thermocouple failures occur and assures ...
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Jun-2018
The natural gas industry has some way to go to make its full contribution to climate change targets.
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Dealing with hydrogenation catalyst poisons
Mar-2018
For stable operation of a pyrolysis gasoline unit, it is crucial to know the effects of poisons and inhibitors on catalyst performance and how to counteract ...
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Challenges in producing BS-VI diesel
Mar-2018
An Indian refiner describes the technical challenges of meeting a leap in
fuel quality specification. -
SOx and NOx emission abatement in the FCC
Feb-2018
The complexities of sulphur and nitrogen species formation in the FCC call for tailor made catalyst additive chemistry to limit formation of polluting ...
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Retrofitting crude furnace burners
Jan-2018
A burner retrofit has delivered more robust operation with reduced NOx emissions from a crude process furnace
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Oxidation catalysts for VOC reduction
Jan-2018
How destruction of volatile organic compounds at lower temperatures is positioning catalytic oxidation systems for the future
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Enhancements in Ethylene Oxide/Ethylene Glycol manufacturing technology
Aug-2017
The markets for ethylene oxide (EO) and ethylene glycol (EG) continue to see attractive growth. This means that at least one or two new plants will need ...
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Optimise the route to emissions compliance
Aug-2017
Increasingly stringent SO2 emission regulations may demand smart and 
cost-effective alternatives to generic amine based tail gas treating units ...
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Higher margin from the bottom of the barrel
Jul-2017
Treating slurry oil in an electrostatic precipitator helps refiners increase production and profits and reduce environmental impact when processing heavier ...
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A broader view to improve 
energy efficiency
May-2017
A project to improve a FCC unit’s energy efficiency took into account surrounding process units to expand opportunities for saving energy and utilit ...
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FCC additive cuts delta coke (TIA)
May-2017
In the majority of cases, the most profitable fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units are the ones that are operated consistently against one or more operational ...
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Apr-2017
Mercury has been elevated to the status of a pollutant of global concern owing to some of its unique toxic properties which pose environmental and health ...
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The design temperature of flare systems
Apr-2017
A key objective when setting flare system design conditions is to maintain the integrity of the system during fire relief
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Identifying contributors to flaring
Apr-2017
Applying an integrated flare and fuel gas monitoring system to identify and eliminate major contributors to refinery flaring.
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Progress in tail gas treatment (TIA)
Oct-2016
The requirement to meet ultra-low SO2 emission standards, even lower than World Bank limits, is becoming more and more prevalent for new natural gas developments ...
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Emission challenges in partial burn FCC operation (TIA)
Oct-2016
Partial burn regenerator operation offers the possibility to process lower cost crudes. This makes partial burn operation very competitive for conversion ...
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Reducing hydrocarbons in SWS acid gas
Oct-2016
Measures to minimise the level of hydrocarbons in sour water and thereby protect the efficiency of the sulphur plant.