Understanding basic principles of flow calculations

Mar-2008

Valve size often is described by the nominal size of the end connections, but a more important measure is the flow that the valve can provide.

Reciprocating compressor suction and discharge valve monitoring

Feb-2013

A decision making guideline evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the most common online monitoring technologies

Crude oil vapour pressure testing

Jan-2012

Vapour pressure testing is an important safety check in the transport, storage and blending of crude oil

Gases: identifying hazards and mitigating risks

Feb-2012

Although critical for the operation of refineries and petrochemical plants, industrial gases can be associated with a spectrum of possible hazards and ...

Control of foaming in amine systems

Sep-2007

Amine solutions foam. Solution foaming causes plant upsets. It is the disengagement or break time that differentiates normal, desirable froth from undesirable ...

Amine plant corrosion reduced by removal of bicine

Jun-2012

Bicine, an amino acid, has been found in numerous amine gas treating systems including tail gas treating units, certain refinery services, and some natural ...

Future of opportunity crudes processing

Oct-2011

Five critical drivers help refiners remain profitable and sustain long-term business goals while processing relatively inexpensive, low-quality crudes

Practical flare gas recovery for minimising flaring

Apr-2015

Flares play a critical role as a safety device in refineries, and in most oil and gas producing or processing facilities.

Conversion of syngas to diesel

Apr-2008

An overview of Fischer-Tropsch technologies for the production of diesel from syngas using a variety of feedstocks

Choosing the proper regulator for high-purity applications

Feb-2008

Regulators are highly technical, highly specialised fluid-handling components. So, the next time you need one please do not just grab one out of the supply ...

Tube and pipe fitting considerations for reliable, leak-tight process lines

Mar-2008

Unreliable process lines create excessive costs for industry in the form of higher operating expenditures, increased downtime and potentially negative ...

Pitting and crevice corrosion of offshore stainless steel tubing

Jan-2009

Stainless steel tubing on oil and gas platforms is regularly employed in process instrumentation and sensing, as well as chemical inhibition, hydraulic ...

Elemental Analysis in waste oil and recycling

Jan-2011

Huge quantities of waste oil and related wastes are generated each year. Properly collected and processed, these wastes can be a valuable energy source ...

Best practices for installation of safety valves

Mar-2013

One of the most critical automatic safety devices in a steam system is the safety valve. The safety valve provides a protective measure for lives, equipment ...

Bayernoil mild hydrocracker CATnap application

May-2012

On 21 January, Bayernoil, Neustadt, successfully shut down the mild hydrocracker (MHC) using the CATnap catalyst passivation process applied by Cat Tech ...

Corrosion and corrosion enhancers in amine systems

Apr-2005

Corrosion in alkanolamine gas treating solutions begins with the acid gases, which are the target of the treating, and is enhanced by several physical ...

Detailed how to measure chlorides in crude oil by ASTM D4929C and water extraction

Apr-2020

Organic chlorides do not occur naturally in crude oil; however, they can make their way into crude oil as a result of cleaning operations in pipelines ...

Oil/water interface control for desalters

Oct-2007

Profiling instrument provides vertical real-time phase density measurement in desalter vessels. Benefits include reduced process upsets from interface ...

Analysing economic viability of opportunity crudes

Jul-2008

Challenges to refinery heavy oil upgrades are discussed. Demand for heavy and high-TAN crudes continues to rise as light sweet crude reserves decline. ...

A few sweet tricks for sour gas

May-2014

Large volumes of acid gas (H2S and SO2-rich gas) are generated from various technologies used to sweeten sour off-gases, or acid gas.

Can refiners afford carbon capture?

Jan-2010

CCS is not widely considered an economical way of reducing refiners’ carbon footprints, but case studies indicate great variation in the cost of imp ...

New roles for FCCU: carbon capture unit and coke gasifier

Jan-2009

Environmental and energy security concerns may evoke new roles for the FCCU in addition to the production of liquid fuels and light olefins. Gasification ...

Gasoline production in the age of shale oil, renewable fuel mandates, and tier 3 regulations

Apr-2014

The North American shale oil production surge has provided North American refiners with a seemingly bounty of high quality crudes.

Hydrogen — making the move from industrial gas to fuel

May-2020

Our sun creates energy through the fusion reaction of hydrogen to form helium: that’s been going on for millions of years.

Environmental monitoring and management in the downstream oil and gas sector

Apr-2020

Keeping it clean, keeping it green. Ground water, rain water run-off and effluent. Contaminated soil replacement in spillage areas, excavated soil disposal ...

Environmental monitoring and management in the downstream oil and gas sector

Apr-2020

Keeping it clean, keeping it green. Ground water, rain water run-off and effluent. Contaminated soil replacement in spillage areas, excavated soil disposal ...

Hydrogen — making the move from industrial gas to fuel

May-2020

Our sun creates energy through the fusion reaction of hydrogen to form helium: that’s been going on for millions of years.

Refinery protection with gas detection

Apr-2020

Based on several recent M&A transaction valuations it is fair to say that the price tag of a medium-sized, medium-complexity refinery in Europe is in the ...

Precision Comparison Case Study – HDXRF® vs ICP (IP 501 & IP 621)

Jul-2020

As petroleum professionals continue to refine their production processes, products such as crude oil, residual fuel oils, and VGO can contain higher concentrations ...

Determination of total volatile sulfur in gaseous hydrocarbons and LPG by ultraviolet fluorescence according to ASTM D6667

Jul-2022

ASTM D6667 is an established test method for the determination of total volatile sulphur in gaseous hydrocarbons and liquefied petroleum gases (LPG). This ...

The business case for digitalisation in the refining sector

Apr-2020

When we use the word ‘digitalisation’ what do we really mean? Computers have been used for process control since Fortran 77 was developed in the late ...

Determination of total sulphur in biofuels from feedstock to endproduct according to ASTM D5453

Jul-2022

Sulphur is a natural component in both crude oil and biobased feedstocks that will be present in diesel and gasoline unless it is removed during the production ...

Choosing the proper regulator for high-purity applications

Feb-2008

Regulators are highly technical, highly specialised fluid-handling components. So, the next time you need one please do not just grab one out of the supply ...

Analyser delivers fast quality checks for biorefinery (TIA)

Aug-2020

The demand for biofuels has increased in recent years, with the EU requiring that 10% of the total transport fuel in its member countries is to come from ...

AC Analytical controls reformulyser M4 expands its capabilities on gasoline analysis ASTM D6839-21 and ISO 22854

Jul-2022

The AC Reformulyser is one of the most used analysers worldwide to determine the total aromatic, total olefin, benzene, oxygen content, and oxygenates ...

Maximise margins, improve efficiency, and increase throughput with PAC’s OptiMVD combination viscometer and density meter

Jul-2022

In the crude oil value chain, margins are a big deal

Improving accuracy and precision in crude oil boiling point dstribution analysis

Jul-2022

It is not a secret that the most valuable cuts of the crudes are present in the lighter part of them, where primarily gasoline, kerosene, diesel and jet ...

Refineries can choose from different options for distillation of gasoline at atmospheric pressure

Jul-2022

Many refineries use a combination of technologies to efficiently measure and optimise the distillation of crude oil into separate hydrocarbon components, ...

AC Analytical Controls productivity center combines full ASTM D86 alternative in a single GC

Jul-2022

Distillation is a method that separates a liquid mixture by boiling and subsequent condensation of the gas phase.

Why Reformulyser is the preferred analysis technique for gasoline grouptype analysis?

Jul-2022

Gasoline is a fuel mainly used as an engine fuel for vehicles, and as a retail product it should meet certain specifications based on local or global ...

Analysis of gasoline blends and finished gasoline using Reformulyzer M4 according to ASTM D6839 & EN ISO 22854

Jul-2022

With the introduction of the 4th generation AC Analytical Controls (AC) Reformulyzer M4, group type analysis of finished gasoline and its precursors & ...

Total chemically bound nitrogen in water by pyrolysis and chemiluminescence detection according to ASTM D5176

Jul-2022

Total nitrogen content is an important quality criterium for many types of water, but especially for wastewater, such as process effluents.

Rapid and accurate analysis of sulphur and chlorine in biofuels by XRF

Nov--0001

(White Paper) -Biofuels are fuels produced from feedstocks such as vegetable oil, animal fat, used cooking oil, biomass, or a blend of these. They are ...

Gases: identifying hazards and mitigating risks

Feb-2012

Although critical for the operation of refineries and petrochemical plants, industrial gases can be associated with a spectrum of possible hazards and ...

Choose the right hose: a practical guide to hose selection

Mar-2013

The right hose keeps your process performing safely and cost effectively. The wrong hose could undermine your process, put personnel at risk and compromise ...

Crude oil vapour pressure testing

Jan-2012

Vapour pressure testing is an important safety check in the transport, storage and blending of crude oil

Reciprocating compressor suction and discharge valve monitoring

Feb-2013

A decision making guideline evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the most common online monitoring technologies

Real-time total chlorine monitoring to ensure optimal desalter performance

May-2019

Chlorides are always present in raw crude oils and their concentrations vary greatly. Depending on origin, transportation methods, and process conditions, ...

Fundamentals of refinery safety

Aug-2019

A study of process safety considerations arising from a raffinate splitter explosion.

Control of foaming in amine systems

Sep-2007

Amine solutions foam. Solution foaming causes plant upsets. It is the disengagement or break time that differentiates normal, desirable froth from undesirable ...