ARTICLES
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Understanding basic principles of flow calculations
Mar-2008
Valve size often is described by the nominal size of the end connections, but a more important measure is the flow that the valve can provide.
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Hydrotreating in the production of green diesel
Apr-2010
A novel scheme enables co-processing of light gas oil and tall diesel to produce a renewable diesel meeting EN 590 specifications
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Residue desulphurisation and conversion
Apr-2006
The current market forces that presage a boom in resid hydrotreatment are examined along with recently reported progress in technology
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Optimise hydrocracker operations for maximum distillates
Apr-2012
Estimation of an accurate operating window for a hydrocracker enables refiners to minimise yields of light ends and maximise diesel production
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Meeting Euro IV fuel specifications
Jan-2006
Pretreating technology and special catalysts can help refiners meet the current and forthcoming European environmental regulations and improve their FCCU ...
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Diesel hydrotreating and mild hydrocracking
Oct-2011
Increased hydroprocessing capability must provide an acceptable long-term return on capital, while producing the desired product yields and qualities
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Understanding cloud point and hydrotreating relationships
Feb-2013
As the distillate markets allow for increased distribution worldwide, refiners need to be more aware of the additional product specifications that can ...
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Reactor effluent air cooler safety through design
Oct-2013
Quality-controlled replacement of carbon steel with Duplex 2205 for revamps can increase the service life and reliability of the REAC in the high-pressure ...
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Premium base oil production by the hydroprocessing route
Aug-2013
The worldwide demand for lubricants is expected to increase by 2.6 percent annually through 20151, with Asia predicted to remain the fastest growing r ...
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Advances in residue hydrocracking
Mar-2018
Recent developments in ebullated bed hydrocracking technology target high residue conversion and high quality products.
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Comparison of thermal cracking and hydrocracking yield distributions
Sep-2011
Obtaining the maximum performance from existing residua upgrading equipment is achieved by maximum asset utilisation.
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Evaluating opportunity crude processing
Oct-2006
Is processing opportunity crudes for every refiner? Technical challenges and economic benefits from processing high-acid crudes and bottom-of-the-barrel ...
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Pretreatment of resid FCC feedstocks
Jul-2004
How a refinery optimised hydrogen consumption to raise API “shift”, enhancing FCC economics. The effect of heavy feedstock reactivity on the operation ...
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Future of opportunity crudes processing
Oct-2011
Five critical drivers help refiners remain profitable and sustain long-term business goals while processing relatively inexpensive, low-quality crudes
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Alternative routes to paraxylene production
Apr-2004
An integrated refining and petrochemical approach to paraxylene manufacture from various feedstocks, such as excess aromatics in reformate or pyrolysis ...
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FCC feed preparation for improved quality
Apr-1997
The benefits of hydrotreating heavy gas oil FCC feedstocks at different levels of severity are discussed in this article, particularly the operating success ...
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Catalyst stripper improves FCC unit performance
Jul-2012
Stripper internals with improved mass transfer characteristics improve the performance of an FCC unit
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Decrease catalyst costs by regeneration, analysis and sorting
Mar-2012
Use of regenerated catalyst can be maximised by careful sampling and analysis of spent catalyst to construct a reactor contamination profile
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Improving residue hydrocracking performance
Jul-2011
Trials with a catalyst system for enhanced transfer of hydrogen to asphaltenes show reduced sediment formation and fouling in ebullated-bed residue hy ...
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Nov-2017
A line-up featuring ebullated bed hydrocracking delivers full conversion of bitumen, including production of premium diesel fuel
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The ART of trapping silicon and arsenic
Feb-2013
In an effort to lower costs and improve refining margins, refiners often look for opportunities to purchase lower cost crudes or other feedstocks
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Estimating silicon accumulation in coker naphtha hydrotreaters
Mar-2012
Improved sampling and analysis of silicon in the feed enable a significant gain in the cycle life of coker naphtha hydrotreater catalysts
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Paraffins isomerisation options
Apr-2005
Isomerisation technologies are available, from once-through and deisohexaniser recycle processes to recycle schemes involving molecular separation pro ...
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Jan-2009
Design considerations for clean diesel hydrotreating. Critical issues are discussed when designing a hydrotreating facility to produce diesel fuel with ...
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Simulation of bitumen upgrading processes
Apr-2013
Two bitumen upgrading processes currently used in the Canadian oil sands industry were investigated using modelling and simulation techniques
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Feb-2024
Part 1 covered the basics of crude-to-chemicals. Part 2 explains how hydroprocessing technology can be used to convert any crude to chemicals to maximise ...
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Boosting mild hydrocracking performance
Aug-2020
Optimising its mild hydrocracking operations using new catalyst developments enabled a refinery to meet more complex targets for fuel quality.
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Enhancing flexibility in two-stage hydrocrackers
Aug-2022
Shifting markets and refined product priorities compels refiners to find the flexibility for shifting from middle distillate to naphtha for petrochemical ...
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Jan-2023
What is the best estimation for refinery and petrochemical product demand in 2023?
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Pilot plant studies of hydrotreating catalysts
May-2020
Studies of catalysts for hydrotreating lubricant base oil delivered similar results from conventional and high throughput pilot plants
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Apr-2021
An alumina-supported catalyst for ULSD production or hydrocracking pretreat provides longer catalyst cycles, higher throughput, and better product qua ...
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What type of catalyst do we need for low pressure hydrotreating of middle distillates?
Feb-2021
Responses to a question in the Q1 2021 issues Q&A Feature
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Making innovative catalysts to trigger a reaction in chemical, gas and refining processes
Aug-2020
When you are creating high-quality petrochemical end products, you must first trigger a reaction.
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Recovering silicon poisoned catalyst
Nov-2021
Silicon poisoning usually spells the end for hydrotreating catalysts, but a rejuvenation process can extend the effective life of silicon trap catalys ...
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Optimising hydrotreating catalyst reuse with Excel rejuvenation technology (ERTC)
Dec-2021
The refining industry is currently under pressure to optimise profit margins in challenging financial conditions while adapting to a changing global climate ...
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Improving residue hydrocracking performance
Jul-2011
Trials with a catalyst system for enhanced transfer of hydrogen to asphaltenes show reduced sediment formation and fouling in ebullated-bed residue hy ...
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Revamping an integrated hydrocracker and lube base oil unit
Dec-2020
Process and catalytic advances enabled large-scale expansion of an integrated unit to increase fuels and base oil production.
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Protecting your hydroprocessing reactor
Jun-2021
Owners and operators respect a hydroprocessing reactor’s minimum pressurisation temperature but can fail to understand factors other than the temper ...
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Selecting catalysts for marine fuels production
Jun-2021
Accelerated activity and stability testing of hydrotreating catalysts.
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Multi-phase project enables switch to heavier crude (TIA)
Aug-2021
In recent years, deasphalted oil (DAO) hydrocracking has emerged as a highly attractive investment option, principally because it provides the opportunity ...
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Tail gas hydrotreating in a high H2S gas plant
Jun-2021
A tail gas hydrotreating catalyst delivers stable sulphur recovery operations, including low emission levels and energy savings, with a low rate of de ...
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Hydroprocessing routes for flexible residue upgrading
Jan-2022
Efficient and flexible resid processing options maintain profitability and reduce risk when price volatility is high.
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The future for hydrocracking: part 1
Nov-2017
Hydrocracking technology faces challenges and opportunities amid diesel emission scandals, low sulphur marine fuels, and the growing position of electric ...
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Feb-2021
Responses to a question in the Q1 2021 issues Q&A feature
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Sulphur spiking agents for hydroprocessing units activation (ERTC)
Dec-2021
The hydroprocessing process employs catalysts in which the active species are molybdenum or tungsten sulphides promoted by cobalt or nickel sulphides. ...
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Optimising refinery margins with rejuvenated catalysts
Jan-2022
Rejuvenated catalysts compare well with fresh catalyst for performance and stability, with added cost savings.
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What makes hydroprocessing different to other refining technologies?
Dec-2022
Most of the people that have worked around refineries for some time, feel that they have mastered the basics of the major refining technologies and feel ...
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Co-hydroprocessing renewable feedstocks through hydrocrackers
Apr-2023
A wider variety of feedstocks are being processed through hydrocracking units. These units were primarily designed to process heavy crude oil or vacuum ...
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Optimise hydrocracker operations for maximum distillates
Apr-2012
Estimation of an accurate operating window for a hydrocracker enables refiners to minimise yields of light ends and maximise diesel production
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Choosing quench interbed technology
Jan-2010
A design for hydroprocessing interbed internals favours separate mixing of gas and liquid phases before contacting of the two phases occurs
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Impact of hydrocracker catalyst changes on crude oil selection
Apr-2025
Produce high-quality, on-spec base oils from a greater variety of crude oils, including those previously considered the lower threshold for crude qualBase ...
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Hydrocracking a wider variety of feedstocks while reducing energy costs (NARTC 2025)
Jan-2025
Refinery hydrocracking projects are expected to grow significantly through 2025, with worldwide capacity projected to reach almost 15 million bpd.
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Crystaphase optimisation helped refiner achieve up to double runtime and throughput (NARTC 2025)
Jan-2025
Not long after a summer turnaround, a major Gulf Coast refinery had a problem.
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Challenges in diesel hydrotreating catalyst selection (NARTC 2025)
Jan-2025
Selecting the best diesel hydrotreating catalyst is complex due to several factors:
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Understanding the decomposition of TBPS for efficient catalyst sulphiding
Oct-2024
Identifying optimal operating conditions for sulphiding without negatively impacting the performance of hydroprocessing catalysts.
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Handling complex hydrocarbon molecules
Oct-2024
Growing interest in processing heavy oils with high nitrogen content has created a need for pretreatment catalysts with higher HDN and HDS activity.
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Catalyst rejuvenation offers circular solution for hydroprocessing catalysts
Apr-2024
Recover the full activity of spent hydrotreating catalyst to ensure their reuse without performance loss.
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Feb-2024
Part 1 covered the basics of crude-to-chemicals. Part 2 explains how hydroprocessing technology can be used to convert any crude to chemicals to maximise ...
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Simulating VGO, WLO, and WCO co-hydroprocessing: Part 2
Feb-2024
Economic analysis performed when co-hydroprocessing VGO, WLO, and WCO shows that WLO studied percentages increase hydrocracking unit net profits.
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Unicracking unit flow scheme optimisation and integration
Nov-2023
How an optimisation and integration approach can assist in maximising refinery margin for a residue upgrading project.
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Guiding the crude-to-chemicals complex towards a net-zero future (RI 2023)
Nov-2023
In today’s world, the expanding chemical value chain requires superior processing flexibility to shift hydrocarbons from fuels to olefins and aromatics ...
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Technical solutions for hydrotreating
Nov-2023
Revamps and turnarounds allow time to upgrade hydroprocessing units to make refineries both profitable and sustainable
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Evaluating purchased feedstocks for hydrocrackers and hydrotreaters
Sep-2023
Over the years in my career, I came to respect traders who could locate, negotiate, and purchase cheap feedstocks. The good traders seemed like sharks ...
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Reduce the carbon footprint of tail gas treating with reactivated catalysts
May-2023
Times have changed since catalytic processes were established.
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Co-hydroprocessing renewable feedstocks through hydrocrackers
Apr-2023
A wider variety of feedstocks are being processed through hydrocracking units. These units were primarily designed to process heavy crude oil or vacuum ...
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From thermal maldistribution to cycle length extension
Apr-2023
How Tüpraş enhanced the performance of a distillate hydroprocessing unit by cost effectively cracking more of the heavier components to diesel.
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Jan-2023
What is the best estimation for refinery and petrochemical product demand in 2023?
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What makes hydroprocessing different to other refining technologies?
Dec-2022
Most of the people that have worked around refineries for some time, feel that they have mastered the basics of the major refining technologies and feel ...
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Enhancing flexibility in two-stage hydrocrackers
Aug-2022
Shifting markets and refined product priorities compels refiners to find the flexibility for shifting from middle distillate to naphtha for petrochemical ...
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Taking hydroprocessing reactor cooling off the critical path
May-2022
Rapid cool-down of a typical hydroprocessing unit’s recycle gas compressor offgas can be used to cool spent reactor catalyst while avoiding the need ...
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Optimising refinery margins with rejuvenated catalysts
Jan-2022
Rejuvenated catalysts compare well with fresh catalyst for performance and stability, with added cost savings.
-
Hydroprocessing routes for flexible residue upgrading
Jan-2022
Efficient and flexible resid processing options maintain profitability and reduce risk when price volatility is high.
-
Optimising hydrotreating catalyst reuse with Excel rejuvenation technology (ERTC)
Dec-2021
The refining industry is currently under pressure to optimise profit margins in challenging financial conditions while adapting to a changing global climate ...
-
Sulphur spiking agents for hydroprocessing units activation (ERTC)
Dec-2021
The hydroprocessing process employs catalysts in which the active species are molybdenum or tungsten sulphides promoted by cobalt or nickel sulphides. ...
-
Recovering silicon poisoned catalyst
Nov-2021
Silicon poisoning usually spells the end for hydrotreating catalysts, but a rejuvenation process can extend the effective life of silicon trap catalys ...
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Sulzer structured packings
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Magcat® Textured Catalyst
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Gas Guide Issue Vol: 5
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Podcasts from PAC
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Triple eccentric butterfly valve from OHL Gutermuth
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FCC online diagnostic services for FCCU
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Custom Catalysts
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Optimize heat exchanger efficiency
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FCC catalyst solutions
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Neles™ XH ball valves with forward-thinking design
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