ARTICLES
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Practical flare gas recovery for minimising flaring
Apr-2015
Flares play a critical role as a safety device in refineries, and in most oil and gas producing or processing facilities.
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Divided-wall columns — a novel distillation concept
Oct-2000
The technology of divided-wall columns using a single distillation tower, described in this article, is claimed to have investment and operating advantages ...
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Cracking hydrocarbon feedstock with a heavy tail
Mar-2013
The introduction of a vapour/liquid separation step allows for the efficient removal of a heavy tail from the furnace convection section
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FCC gasoline and C4 streams for BTX production
Oct-2009
An extractive distillation process provides direct recovery of aromatics from FCC gasoline to rebalance refinery production towards higher levels of p ...
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Analysis method for determining bound and free alkanolamines in HSS contaminated solutions
Jul-1990
A conductometric titration method has been developed to determine the true available alkanolamine in solutions used for H2S and CO2 removal from refinery ...
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Tray technology enhances extraction
Oct-2007
A case study involving the revamp of two rotating disc contactors in aromatics service highlights the most important design considerations for enhancing ...
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Valuable liquids from refinery gases
Oct-2012
With appropriate treatment schemes, refinery off-gases can be valuable sources of olefins and hydrogen
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Maximising ethane in liquids crackers
Jan-2013
Economics for energy and feedstock supply favour ethane feed cracking, but plant constraints must be examined rigorously before maximum ethane feeds are ...
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Control of primary fractionator fouling
Jan-2009
Optimal operation and chemical treatment of primary fractionators requires an in-depth knowledge of many parameters. A combination of analytical tools ...
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Troubleshooting a C3 splitter tower Part 1: evaluation
Oct-2014
Distillation trays are prone to channelling and multi-pass maldistribution in large diameter towers. Multichordal gamma scanning is key for solving such ...
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Jan-2013
Poor-quality crude oils and strict environmental regulations promote the use of technologies that favour energy savings and environmental protection
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Refining/petrochemical integration: a new paradigm
Sep-2013
The global trend in motor fuel consumption favours diesel over gasoline. There is a simultaneous increase in demand for various petrochemicals such as ...
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Development of a refinery petrochemical master plan
Jan-1999
A master plan for a refinery/petrochemical complex justifies comprehensive study of all the variables, from market forecast to operating costs
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Jan-2012
Catalyst solutions help to improve the profitability and reliability of reforming units
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Integrating CPT with existing OCT units
Apr-2008
Lummus Technology’s Olefins Conversion Technology (OCT) has achieved industry acceptance, as evidenced by the 25 units under licence, representing almost ...
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How to read a regulator flow curve
Sep-2011
The best way to select a regulator for your application is to examine its flow curve, which is often provided by the manufacturer. “Flow curve” is ...
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Jan-2006
Staged investment and reformer technology improvement strategies are available for increasing hydrogen production, cycle time and reliability
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Hydrocarbon removal from amines demonstrated experience
Mar-2006
Bringing amine system contaminants down to low levels has reduced operational problems. Several large operating facilities are now using the latest technology ...
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Less is more: how a dividing wall column maximises LPG recovery
Oct-2014
Maximising LPG recovery from fuel gas using a dividing wall column. Refiners have a challenge to recover LPG from mixed fuel gas streams due to the difficulty ...
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Applying pinch technology to energy recovery
Oct-2013
A pinch technology-based study of heating and cooling of material streams in a large-scale olefins plant identifies major opportunities for energy sav ...
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Front End CDHydro - raw gas hydrogenation achieved
Apr-2008
Front End CDHydro applies catalytic distillation hydrogenation to the ethylene flowsheet to successfully accomplish raw, cracked gas hydrogenation.
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Amine purification system to increase crude processing
Jul-2002
Bringing amine system contaminants down to low levels has reduced operational problems.Refiners experience increased throughput of sour crude by continuously ...
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Catalytic cracking process enhances production of olefins
Oct-2009
A FCC technology and catalyst formulation selectively crack a wide range of feeds, including residue, to yield high quantities of light olefins
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Risks of accumulated sulphur in sulphur recovery unit
Aug-1998
Follow-up data to an October 1997 article proves with refinery experience that caustic neutralisation does not improve system operations
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Cracking furnace design by computer application
Apr-2000
Examples of how a technique known as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been employed to improve and optimise the design of the cracking furnace. The ...
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How to read a regulator flow curve
Sep-2011
The best way to select a regulator for your application is to examine its flow curve, which is often provided by the manufacturer. “Flow curve” is ...
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Recovery of olefins from refinery offgases
Oct-1998
The Lummus process eliminates the multi-stage feed gas compressor yet maintains over 90 per cent recovery of ethylene while cutting capital cost and reducing ...
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Oct-2013
By adding a new unit that reacts a benzene-rich stream with light olefins, a refiner complied with current regulations for benzene and achieved a payback ...
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Working with an extractive distillation process
Jul-2001
A cost comparison between progressive extractive distillation of aromatics versus a more conventional technology has shown there can be considerable savings ...
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Metathesis: refinery and ethylene plant applications
Jul-2001
With the demand for propylene now exceeding that for C4s, the authors see the integration of the metathesis process in FCC units and steam crackers as ...
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FCC gasoline and C4 streams for BTX production
Oct-2009
An extractive distillation process provides direct recovery of aromatics from FCC gasoline to rebalance refinery production towards higher levels of p ...
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Advanced propane dehydrogenation
Jan-2008
Oxdehydrogenation-based on-purpose propane dehydrogenation can close the propylene supply-demand gap. Reactor design and the effect of thermodynamic equilibrium ...
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Development of a refinery petrochemical master plan
Jan-1999
A master plan for a refinery/petrochemical complex justifies comprehensive study of all the variables, from market forecast to operating costs
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Alternative routes to paraxylene production
Apr-2004
An integrated refining and petrochemical approach to paraxylene manufacture from various feedstocks, such as excess aromatics in reformate or pyrolysis ...
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Increasing propylene for the petrochemical market
Apr-2005
Increasing FCC propylene with shape-selective additives minimises the impact on unit process conditions and equipment
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Integrating CPT with existing OCT units
Apr-2008
Lummus Technology’s Olefins Conversion Technology (OCT) has achieved industry acceptance, as evidenced by the 25 units under licence, representing almost ...
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Troubleshooting a C3 splitter tower Part 1: evaluation
Oct-2014
Distillation trays are prone to channelling and multi-pass maldistribution in large diameter towers. Multichordal gamma scanning is key for solving such ...
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Controlling LPG/propylene quality
Oct-2016
Online analysers can minimise costly upsets in FCC LPG/propylene quality and realise savings in caustic wash operations.
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Mitigating fouling in the caustic tower
Oct-2013
Comprehensive analysis of foulants in an ethylene plant’s caustic tower led to the identification of an effective treatment programme
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Green retarder technology for the styrene industry
Jan-2012
Increased environmental and safety awareness in the styrene industry has led to the development of more acceptable alternatives to toxic nitrophenolic ...
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Gas chromatography trends and troubleshooting in petrochemical analysis (part 1)
Mar-2014
Gas chromatography (GC) is at the fore in the petrochemical sector as an analytical method that can be applied across a broad range of applications.
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Less is more: how a dividing wall column maximises LPG recovery
Oct-2014
Maximising LPG recovery from fuel gas using a dividing wall column. Refiners have a challenge to recover LPG from mixed fuel gas streams due to the difficulty ...
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A refinery study of FCC vs Gasolfin for naphtha cracking into propylene (ERTC)
Nov-2017
European refineries have experienced challenging market conditions over the past decade. Between 2008 and 2013, European refining capacity decreased by ...
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Cracking furnace design by computer application
Apr-2000
Examples of how a technique known as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been employed to improve and optimise the design of the cracking furnace. The ...
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Tackling fouling in vinyl monomer manufacture
Jul-2003
Conventional and new approaches to the control of fouling in vinyl monomer processes are discussed in this article, which describes the fouling characteristics ...
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Practical flare gas recovery for minimising flaring
Apr-2015
Flares play a critical role as a safety device in refineries, and in most oil and gas producing or processing facilities.
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Jan-2016
2015 was highlighted by a crude oversupply of 1.3 million b/d, which played a part in keeping oil prices at a low level, fluctuating between $40 and $60/bbl. ...
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Implementing advanced technologies for crude to chemicals projects (ERTC)
Dec-2019
According to the IEA, already a major component of the global energy system, the importance of petrochemicals is continuing to grow.
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Repsol uses Control Tower solution to manage its integrated business value chain (ERTC)
Nov-2022
Repsol S.A. is a global energy and petrochemical company based in Madrid, Spain. It is engaged in worldwide upstream and downstream activities to bring ...
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Hydrogenation technology and catalysts reduce PVC byproducts (TiA)
Feb-2024
Approximately 34 million tons of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are produced annually. A versatile material that is cost-effective to produce, it boasts numerous ...
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Jan-2016
2015 was highlighted by a crude oversupply of 1.3 million b/d, which played a part in keeping oil prices at a low level, fluctuating between $40 and $60/bbl. ...
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Practical flare gas recovery for minimising flaring
Apr-2015
Flares play a critical role as a safety device in refineries, and in most oil and gas producing or processing facilities.
-
The petrochemistry of paraxylene
Feb-2015
Understanding the basics of the paraxylene manufacturing process.
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Less is more: how a dividing wall column maximises LPG recovery
Oct-2014
Maximising LPG recovery from fuel gas using a dividing wall column. Refiners have a challenge to recover LPG from mixed fuel gas streams due to the difficulty ...
-
Troubleshooting a C3 splitter tower Part 1: evaluation
Oct-2014
Distillation trays are prone to channelling and multi-pass maldistribution in large diameter towers. Multichordal gamma scanning is key for solving such ...
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'Snakes and ladders' for maximising propylene
Oct-2014
Changes in process conditions in tandem with ZSM-5 additives widen the potential for petrochemicals production from the FCC unit
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Process improvements in the direct hydration of olefins to alcohols
May-2014
Synthetic alcohols produced by direct hydration have wide application in the process industries as solvents, in the production of cosmetics and as intermediates ...
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Gas chromatography trends and troubleshooting in petrochemical analysis (part 1)
Mar-2014
Gas chromatography (GC) is at the fore in the petrochemical sector as an analytical method that can be applied across a broad range of applications.
-
Applying pinch technology to energy recovery
Oct-2013
A pinch technology-based study of heating and cooling of material streams in a large-scale olefins plant identifies major opportunities for energy sav ...
-
Mitigating fouling in the caustic tower
Oct-2013
Comprehensive analysis of foulants in an ethylene plant’s caustic tower led to the identification of an effective treatment programme
-
Oct-2013
By adding a new unit that reacts a benzene-rich stream with light olefins, a refiner complied with current regulations for benzene and achieved a payback ...
-
Refining/petrochemical integration: a new paradigm
Sep-2013
The global trend in motor fuel consumption favours diesel over gasoline. There is a simultaneous increase in demand for various petrochemicals such as ...
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Maximise ethylene gain and acetylene selective hydrogenation efficiency
Mar-2013
Third-generation stabilised front-end selective acetylene hydrogenation catalysts provide high selectivity, low sensitivity to CO swings and slow deac ...
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Naphtha catalytic cracking for propylene production
Mar-2013
Investment in on-purpose propylene production technology based on naphtha-based feedstock is taking on various process configurations
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Cracking hydrocarbon feedstock with a heavy tail
Mar-2013
The introduction of a vapour/liquid separation step allows for the efficient removal of a heavy tail from the furnace convection section
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Shale gas feeds petrochemical expansion
Mar-2013
North American ethylene capacity is set to increase significantly with new crackers coming online after 2016, plus higher production of propylene and other ...
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Maximising ethane in liquids crackers
Jan-2013
Economics for energy and feedstock supply favour ethane feed cracking, but plant constraints must be examined rigorously before maximum ethane feeds are ...
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Jan-2013
Poor-quality crude oils and strict environmental regulations promote the use of technologies that favour energy savings and environmental protection
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The age of turbulence: charting a course for refiners to a profitable future
Nov-2012
Relentless turbulence has profoundly affected the global refining landscape in recent years. Moreover, the turmoil is likely to continue unabated in the ...
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Valuable liquids from refinery gases
Oct-2012
With appropriate treatment schemes, refinery off-gases can be valuable sources of olefins and hydrogen
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Innovations in wastewater treatment
Oct-2012
Industrial gases provide a wide range of options for treating wastewater from petrochemical processes
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Natural gas fuels the integration of refining and petrochemicals
Jul-2012
Maximising the use of natural gas in a refinery-petrochemicals complex offers higher margins and lower carbon emissions
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Gases: identifying hazards and mitigating risks
Feb-2012
Although critical for the operation of refineries and petrochemical plants, industrial gases can be associated with a spectrum of possible hazards and ...
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Jan-2012
Catalyst solutions help to improve the profitability and reliability of reforming units
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Green retarder technology for the styrene industry
Jan-2012
Increased environmental and safety awareness in the styrene industry has led to the development of more acceptable alternatives to toxic nitrophenolic ...
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