ARTICLES
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Ambient conditions impact CO and NOx emissions: part II
Jul-2009
Effects of air temperature and humidity on burner NOx emissions are discussed, including considerations for factoring in these effects
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The design temperature of flare systems
Apr-2017
A key objective when setting flare system design conditions is to maintain the integrity of the system during fire relief
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When excess air becomes too much
Jul-2020
Excessive use of excess air impacts operating costs through fuel efficiency, furnace reliability, and stack emissions
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Ambient conditions impact CO and NOx emissions: part I
Apr-2009
Changing ambient conditions can impact CO and NOx emissions without proper process adjustments. A wide range of operating conditions show how these emissions ...
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Tube rupture in a natural gas heater
Feb-2016
Dynamic simulation supports the use of a pressure safety valve over a rupture disk in the event of a tube rupture
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Dynamics of operation for flare systems
Apr-2014
Detailed studies of problems with flaring performance led a refinery to define and implement a scheme for optimum flare performance
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Role of fired heater safety systems
Jul-2013
A fully automated burner management system operating as a SIS for burner control can meet minimum safety targets, improve system availability and lower ...
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Practical flare gas recovery for minimising flaring
Apr-2015
Flares play a critical role as a safety device in refineries, and in most oil and gas producing or processing facilities.
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Improving heat transfer in reboilers and condensers
Mar-2016
Guidelines and experience on how to deal with a loss of condensing or reboiling capacity
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Optimising safety relief and flare systems
Apr-2011
Understanding the behaviour of refinery units by dynamic modelling of emergencies enables the prediction of realistic relief loads
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The hazards of fired heater flooding
Nov-2020
Heater flooding is a serious and potentially dangerous condition which must be dealt with properly and quickly.
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Oct-2014
When natural gas was to be added to a refinery’s fuel gas system, detailed dynamic simulation of the new system ensured stable operation and a shorter ...
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Carbon dioxide emissions from fired heaters
Jun-2021
Fired heaters emit an estimated 400 to 500 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) every year. At least 73% of average refinery CO2 emissions come from c ...
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Optimal tonnage industrial gas plants
Oct-2011
Detailed examination of industrial gas needs is required to develop the most cost-effective industrial gas plant configuration
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Ethylene furnace heat flux correlations
Jan-2008
Equations are presented that correlate and predict heat flux as a function of operating, burner and furnace parameters for all major ethylene-cracking ...
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Diagnostic tools and control parameters for refinery heaters
Apr-2013
To optimise or manage furnace operation more effectively and safely, engineers and operators need to understand and control the entire process
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Apr-2006
Burner-to-burner interaction can increase NOx emissions and cause flame impingement on process tubes
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Environmental monitoring and management in the downstream oil and gas sector
Apr-2020
Keeping it clean, keeping it green. Ground water, rain water run-off and effluent. Contaminated soil replacement in spillage areas, excavated soil disposal ...
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SO2 emission control for resid combustion
Apr-2011
Regenerable and non-regenerable SO2 scrubbing systems for high-sulphur residuum combustion are compared
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Retrofitting crude furnace burners
Jan-2018
A burner retrofit has delivered more robust operation with reduced NOx emissions from a crude process furnace
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Flame interaction and rollover solutions in ethylene cracking furnaces
Apr-2013
During plant expansion or construction of new facilities for olefins plant, it is important to keep in mind the interactions of flame, fuel and lower ...
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Engineering a better flaring solution in the Middle East
May-2014
It is not uncommon for new operational regulations and initiatives to present a serious challenge to the preferred practices of the hydrocarbon indust ...
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A step-by-step approach to 
managing emissions
Oct-2010
A comprehensive review of combustion systems and controls underpins a strategy for emissions reduction
-
Apr-2014
Reliability is a buzz word used a lot these days. You hear it a lot and it means different things to different people based on their job description.
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Advanced combustion system for cracking furnaces
Apr-2007
A discussion of design considerations for burner technology used in cracking furnaces. Significant improvements include more uniform heat flux profile, ...
-
Environmental monitoring and management in the downstream oil and gas sector
Apr-2020
Keeping it clean, keeping it green. Ground water, rain water run-off and effluent. Contaminated soil replacement in spillage areas, excavated soil disposal ...
-
The hazards of fired heater flooding
Nov-2020
Heater flooding is a serious and potentially dangerous condition which must be dealt with properly and quickly.
-
Using infrared monitors to achieve auxiliary flare pilot monitoring (TIA)
Jul-2018
Infrared flare pilot monitoring as a primary or secondary monitoring solution provides a pilot status signal when thermocouple failures occur and assures ...
-
When excess air becomes too much
Jul-2020
Excessive use of excess air impacts operating costs through fuel efficiency, furnace reliability, and stack emissions
-
Carbon dioxide emissions from fired heaters
Jun-2021
Fired heaters emit an estimated 400 to 500 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) every year. At least 73% of average refinery CO2 emissions come from c ...
-
Tube rupture in a natural gas heater
Feb-2016
Dynamic simulation supports the use of a pressure safety valve over a rupture disk in the event of a tube rupture
-
May-2022
Fired heaters, also called furnaces, use the heat from combustion of hydrocarbons to increase the temperature of a fluid. Direct-fired heaters are common ...
-
Use of CFD modelling to improve burner design and operation
Dec-2020
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling can be used as an efficient and low-cost alternative to improve the design and operation of a new burner.
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Convection section retrofit (TiA)
Nov-2021
XRG recently retrofitted a convection section in a crude heater that was originally built in 1935. The new convection bank consists of two sections; the ...
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Retrofitting the thermal stage of a SRU unit (TiA)
Nov-2021
The original burner at a site was a multi-flame burner with low pressure drop on the Claus gas side.
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Safer and efficient combustion for fired heaters and boilers
Nov-2022
A technological approach to achieving efficiency improvements, CO2 emissions reduction, and parallel effects in NOx emissions control in a crude oil-fired ...
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Run length improvement and emissions reduction in delayed coker heaters
May-2023
For many refineries, the delayed coker unit is a vital component of refinery profitability. The tubes used in delayed coker units foul and must be decoked ...
-
Ambient conditions impact CO and NOx emissions: part II
Jul-2009
Effects of air temperature and humidity on burner NOx emissions are discussed, including considerations for factoring in these effects
-
Improving heat transfer in reboilers and condensers
Mar-2016
Guidelines and experience on how to deal with a loss of condensing or reboiling capacity
-
The design temperature of flare systems
Apr-2017
A key objective when setting flare system design conditions is to maintain the integrity of the system during fire relief
-
Role of fired heater safety systems
Jul-2013
A fully automated burner management system operating as a SIS for burner control can meet minimum safety targets, improve system availability and lower ...
-
Improved distribution of spent catalyst
Nov-2019
Application of a newly designed spent catalyst distributor improves spent catalyst distribution, coke combustion and bed temperatures in the FCC.
-
Practical flare gas recovery for minimising flaring
Apr-2015
Flares play a critical role as a safety device in refineries, and in most oil and gas producing or processing facilities.
-
System analysis of process burners
Oct-2002
Modelling is now a vital tool in the designing of ultra-low NOx burners, together with advanced problem-solving techniques such as computational fluid ...
-
Advanced combustion system for cracking furnaces
Apr-2007
A discussion of design considerations for burner technology used in cracking furnaces. Significant improvements include more uniform heat flux profile, ...
-
Engineering a better flaring solution in the Middle East
May-2014
It is not uncommon for new operational regulations and initiatives to present a serious challenge to the preferred practices of the hydrocarbon indust ...
-
Retrofitting crude furnace burners
Jan-2018
A burner retrofit has delivered more robust operation with reduced NOx emissions from a crude process furnace
-
Down-fired salt thermal oxidisers
Jun-2009
Applications requiring the use of a thermal oxidation system to incinerate and eliminate wastes are widely diverse. UOP Callidus provides engineering and ...
-
A step-by-step approach to 
managing emissions
Oct-2010
A comprehensive review of combustion systems and controls underpins a strategy for emissions reduction
-
Optimal tonnage industrial gas plants
Oct-2011
Detailed examination of industrial gas needs is required to develop the most cost-effective industrial gas plant configuration
-
Run length improvement and emissions reduction in delayed coker heaters
May-2023
For many refineries, the delayed coker unit is a vital component of refinery profitability. The tubes used in delayed coker units foul and must be decoked ...
-
Safer and efficient combustion for fired heaters and boilers
Nov-2022
A technological approach to achieving efficiency improvements, CO2 emissions reduction, and parallel effects in NOx emissions control in a crude oil-fired ...
-
May-2022
Fired heaters, also called furnaces, use the heat from combustion of hydrocarbons to increase the temperature of a fluid. Direct-fired heaters are common ...
-
Convection section retrofit (TiA)
Nov-2021
XRG recently retrofitted a convection section in a crude heater that was originally built in 1935. The new convection bank consists of two sections; the ...
-
Retrofitting the thermal stage of a SRU unit (TiA)
Nov-2021
The original burner at a site was a multi-flame burner with low pressure drop on the Claus gas side.
-
Carbon dioxide emissions from fired heaters
Jun-2021
Fired heaters emit an estimated 400 to 500 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) every year. At least 73% of average refinery CO2 emissions come from c ...
-
Use of CFD modelling to improve burner design and operation
Dec-2020
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling can be used as an efficient and low-cost alternative to improve the design and operation of a new burner.
-
The hazards of fired heater flooding
Nov-2020
Heater flooding is a serious and potentially dangerous condition which must be dealt with properly and quickly.
-
When excess air becomes too much
Jul-2020
Excessive use of excess air impacts operating costs through fuel efficiency, furnace reliability, and stack emissions
-
May-2020
What do you do with the gas associated with crude oil production if there is no local processing capacity and no gas gathering network to collect and deliver ...
-
Environmental monitoring and management in the downstream oil and gas sector
Apr-2020
Keeping it clean, keeping it green. Ground water, rain water run-off and effluent. Contaminated soil replacement in spillage areas, excavated soil disposal ...
-
Improved distribution of spent catalyst
Nov-2019
Application of a newly designed spent catalyst distributor improves spent catalyst distribution, coke combustion and bed temperatures in the FCC.
-
Installation of a new flue gas tunnel design concept and resulting operation
Oct-2019
Conventional tunnels incorporate physical features that constrain design efficacy resulting in non-uniform flue gas flow both along the length of the tunnels ...
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Burner retrofit increases capacity and cuts costs
Sep-2018
Replacement burners in a hydrogen reactor feed heater saved the cost of retrofit within a week.
-
Using infrared monitors to achieve auxiliary flare pilot monitoring (TIA)
Jul-2018
Infrared flare pilot monitoring as a primary or secondary monitoring solution provides a pilot status signal when thermocouple failures occur and assures ...
-
Retrofitting crude furnace burners
Jan-2018
A burner retrofit has delivered more robust operation with reduced NOx emissions from a crude process furnace
-
The design temperature of flare systems
Apr-2017
A key objective when setting flare system design conditions is to maintain the integrity of the system during fire relief
-
Identifying contributors to flaring
Apr-2017
Applying an integrated flare and fuel gas monitoring system to identify and eliminate major contributors to refinery flaring.
-
Improving heat transfer in reboilers and condensers
Mar-2016
Guidelines and experience on how to deal with a loss of condensing or reboiling capacity
-
Tube rupture in a natural gas heater
Feb-2016
Dynamic simulation supports the use of a pressure safety valve over a rupture disk in the event of a tube rupture
-
Practical flare gas recovery for minimising flaring
Apr-2015
Flares play a critical role as a safety device in refineries, and in most oil and gas producing or processing facilities.
-
Oct-2014
When natural gas was to be added to a refinery’s fuel gas system, detailed dynamic simulation of the new system ensured stable operation and a shorter ...
-
Retrofitting lower emission burners into existing ethylene cracking furnaces
Sep-2014
The increasing supply of global shale gas feedstocks has rekindled interest worldwide in olefins production. Many petrochemical companies are restarting ...
-
Engineering a better flaring solution in the Middle East
May-2014
It is not uncommon for new operational regulations and initiatives to present a serious challenge to the preferred practices of the hydrocarbon indust ...
-
Apr-2014
Reliability is a buzz word used a lot these days. You hear it a lot and it means different things to different people based on their job description.
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