Optimising sweep gas flow in a flare header

Oct-2012

How to calculate the minimum flow of flare header sweep gas needed to maintain safe conditions

Optimising pumparound reflux for 
zero-cost energy savings

Apr-2012

By increasing pumparound ratios in principal units, refinery engineers were able to recover energy for process heating and reduce stack emissions

Detection of VOCs demands continuous innovation in calibration gases

Oct-2011

With an ever-increasing number of processing plants coming on stream worldwide to keep up with the burgeoning petrochemical industry, the focus on the ...

Ambient conditions impact CO and NOx emissions: part II

Jul-2009

Effects of air temperature and humidity on burner NOx emissions are discussed, including considerations for factoring in these effects

Crude oil vapour pressure testing

Jan-2012

Vapour pressure testing is an important safety check in the transport, storage and blending of crude oil

HCN emissions in fluid catalytic cracking

Apr-2013

Increased attention to refinery emissions of hydrogen cyanide requires detailed understanding of its formation and conversion in the FCC regenerator

The design temperature of flare systems

Apr-2017

A key objective when setting flare system design conditions is to maintain the integrity of the system during fire relief

Controlling CO boilers

Jul-2011

UOP Callidus supplies and installs complete systems and various subsystem components for CO boilers and other FCC related ancillary equipment.

Practical hydrocarbon dew point specification for natural gas transmission lines

Mar-2011

Hydrocarbon liquid dropout can cause a number of problems in gas transmission lines, including increased pressure drop, reduced line capacity and equipment ...

Abatement of hydrogen sulphide 
in asphalt

Jan-2012

Risks of exposure at asphalt loading platforms require reliable monitoring of H2S levels and a programme of abatement using effective chemical scaveng ...

Ambient conditions impact CO and NOx emissions: part I

Apr-2009

Changing ambient conditions can impact CO and NOx emissions without proper process adjustments. A wide range of operating conditions show how these emissions ...

Process and energy analysis for cost savings and CO2 reduction

Jul-2010

Applying heat pinch technology and process know-how to maximise energy savings. In an increasingly carbon-conscious market, improving energy efficiency ...

Wet scrubbing-based NOx control using LoTOx technology - first commercial FCC start-up

Sep-2007

Wet scrubbing based NOx control had been successfully applied to various industries for several years. Refineries, however, had not used such an approach ...

Future of opportunity crudes processing

Oct-2011

Five critical drivers help refiners remain profitable and sustain long-term business goals while processing relatively inexpensive, low-quality crudes

FCC flue gas scrubber alternatives: part I

Jul-2009

The merits of combining additives and barrier filters as a cost-effective and highly efficient way of meeting SOx, NOx and particulate matter emissions ...

Amine plant corrosion reduced by removal of bicine

Jun-2012

Bicine, an amino acid, has been found in numerous amine gas treating systems including tail gas treating units, certain refinery services, and some natural ...

Sulphur tail gas thermal oxidiser systems

Dec-2008

SRUs (sulphur recovery units) in refineries and gas plants remove sulphur compounds from sulphur containing fuel gases and from natural gas and crude oil ...

Impact of low-sulphur bunkers 
on refineries

Mar-2009

Proposed IMO global sulphur specifications on bunker fuels market and options available to reduce fuel oil sulphur are reviewed

Dynamics of operation for flare systems

Apr-2014

Detailed studies of problems with flaring performance led a refinery to define and implement a scheme for optimum flare performance

Refinery CO2 challenges

Jan-2006

How much CO2 can a refinery release into the atmosphere? This is one of the many challenges facing refineries when it comes to reducing CO2 emmisions

New flare technology utilising low pressure steam

Sep-2009

The American Petroleum Institute defines a flare to be a “device or system used to safely dispose of relief fluids in an environmentally compliant manner ...

Refining/petrochemical integration: a new paradigm

Sep-2013

The global trend in motor fuel consumption favours diesel over gasoline. There is a simultaneous increase in demand for various petrochemicals such as ...

Capture and convert - handling mercaptans in hydrocarbon streams

Dec-2008

With the development of increasingly difficult hydrocarbon streams, mercaptans emerge as a major nuisance. The removal and conversion of mercaptans is ...

Reliability analysis to determine environmental emissions from units

Jul-2010

Reliability analysis determines the extent to which plant can meet emission limits and supports estimates of possible financial penalties for non-comp ...

SMR integration with increased CO2 production

Feb-2020

Optimising the efficiency of a plant producing hydrogen by natural gas reforming reduces CO2 emissions and lowers fossil fuel consumption.

The role of biofuels in the energy transition

Apr-2022

Overcoming the challenges of coprocessing renewables.

Energy management and sustainability of the downstream industry

Jun-2022

Energy management must feature in any strategy in the downstream industry for both environmental impact and economic competitiveness.

CCS from refinery emissions: CO2 purity must be analysed and controlled

Jun-2020

One of the most promising measures to decarbonise refinery operations is carbon capture and storage (CCS) from existing combustion processes, such as process ...

IMO 2020 - Maritime CEMS and refinery changes

May-2020

For several years, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has stipulated low levels of sulphur emissions close to densely populated coastal areas, ...

Environmental monitoring and management in the downstream oil and gas sector

Apr-2020

Keeping it clean, keeping it green. Ground water, rain water run-off and effluent. Contaminated soil replacement in spillage areas, excavated soil disposal ...

Reducing NOx emissions from an FCC unit (TIA)

Aug-2018

Refinery processes account for a considerable share of the overall emissions of air pollutants in Europe. The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) is the ...

Refinery protection with gas detection

Apr-2020

Based on several recent M&A transaction valuations it is fair to say that the price tag of a medium-sized, medium-complexity refinery in Europe is in the ...

Rejuvenated catalysts optimise refinery margins in high severity ULSD applications

Jun-2022

Rejuvenated catalysts compare well with fresh catalysts for performance in high pressure ULSD applications with added cost savings.

Achieving 95% direct CO2 reduction for hydrogen plants

Jun-2022

Decarbonisation solutions targeting existing refinery hydrogen plants enable refiners to achieve long-term CO2 capture while minimising site space requirements ...

Detection of VOCs demands continuous innovation in calibration gases

Oct-2011

With an ever-increasing number of processing plants coming on stream worldwide to keep up with the burgeoning petrochemical industry, the focus on the ...

Using infrared monitors to achieve auxiliary flare pilot monitoring (TIA)

Jul-2018

Infrared flare pilot monitoring as a primary or secondary monitoring solution provides a pilot status signal when thermocouple failures occur and assures ...

Reliability analysis to determine environmental emissions from units

Jul-2010

Reliability analysis determines the extent to which plant can meet emission limits and supports estimates of possible financial penalties for non-comp ...

The business case for digitalisation in the refining sector

Apr-2020

When we use the word ‘digitalisation’ what do we really mean? Computers have been used for process control since Fortran 77 was developed in the late ...

Evaluating hydrogen rich fuel gas firing

Mar-2021

A sudden shift to hydrogen rich fuel gas firing may not be prudent if a fired heater is not designed for it.

Catalytic strategies to meet gasoline sulphur limits

Apr-2015

Stricter regulations reducing average gasoline sulphur content will require further reduction of FCC gasoline sulphur

Waste recycling: an opportunity for refiners?

Aug-2020

The Circular Economy has been established as the number one priority in the European Green Deal and innovative recycling technologies are helping refiners ...

The hazards of fired heater flooding

Nov-2020

Heater flooding is a serious and potentially dangerous condition which must be dealt with properly and quickly.

Carbon dioxide emissions from fired heaters

Jun-2021

Fired heaters emit an estimated 400 to 500 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) every year. At least 73% of average refinery CO2 emissions come from c ...

Process and energy analysis for cost savings and CO2 reduction

Jul-2010

Applying heat pinch technology and process know-how to maximise energy savings. In an increasingly carbon-conscious market, improving energy efficiency ...

Optimising sweep gas flow in a flare header

Oct-2012

How to calculate the minimum flow of flare header sweep gas needed to maintain safe conditions

Reducing hydrocarbons in SWS acid gas

Oct-2016

Measures to minimise the level of hydrocarbons in sour water and thereby protect the efficiency of the sulphur plant.

SOx and NOx emission abatement in the FCC

Feb-2018

The complexities of sulphur and nitrogen species formation in the FCC call for tailor made catalyst additive chemistry to limit formation of polluting ...

Refinery CO2 challenges

Jan-2006

How much CO2 can a refinery release into the atmosphere? This is one of the many challenges facing refineries when it comes to reducing CO2 emmisions

Speciality gases: essential for research, production and quality control

Jul-2011

Laboratories all around the world stand or fall by their reputation for accuracy and quality control. Pivotal to this performance is the quality, purity ...

Refining/petrochemical integration: a new paradigm

Sep-2013

The global trend in motor fuel consumption favours diesel over gasoline. There is a simultaneous increase in demand for various petrochemicals such as ...