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Stationing an operator at a pressure safety valve bypass
Aug-2022
Caution is recommended before stationing an operator at the PSV bypass for overpressure protection.
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The business case for digitalisation in the refining sector
Apr-2020
When we use the word ‘digitalisation’ what do we really mean? Computers have been used for process control since Fortran 77 was developed in the late ...
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Restoring fired heater furnace heat transfer efficiency
Nov-2023
Convection section cleaning of process heaters at an Egyptian facility achieved more than 90% treating of all tube and surface areas. Inefficient heat ...
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EnviroSOx enables full FCC operation through turnaround
Dec-2019
Applying BASF’s EnviroSOx additive, the PKN ORLEN PÅ‚ock refinery was able to maintain FCC flue gas SOx emissions below 800 mg/Nm3 (@ 3 vol% O2) during ...
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Building blocks to zero emissions (ERTC)
Dec-2021
Welcome to the 2021 ERTC and to the city of Madrid. Reviewing the agenda over the next two days, it is clear that European refiners together with the technology ...
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Jun-2018
The natural gas industry has some way to go to make its full contribution to climate change targets.
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Reduce the carbon footprint of tail gas treating with reactivated catalysts
May-2023
Times have changed since catalytic processes were established.
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Filtration and separation for industrial carbon capture, transport, and storage
Feb-2024
Novel filtration and separation products and a deep understanding of material science and fluid contamination characteristics are needed to reduce the ...
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Acid gas fired reheater control
Jun-2021
Operating as close as possible to the stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio is advised for acid gas fired reheaters.
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Oxygen enrichment in the petrochemicals industry
Jan-2022
Adding oxygen enrichment to oxidation reactions in the petrochemicals industry offers a reduced carbon footprint, productivity benefits, and cost effi ...
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Getting European refining fit for 55 (ERTC)
Dec-2021
European refining has recovered from the doldrums of last year’s pandemic. Despite demand still being 500 kbd less than 2019 levels, European refinery ...
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May-2022
Fired heaters, also called furnaces, use the heat from combustion of hydrocarbons to increase the temperature of a fluid. Direct-fired heaters are common ...
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Sustainable aviation fuel: prepare for take-off!
Dec-2022
Despite the unprecedented drop in global air traffic due to the Covid-19 crisis in the past years, passenger numbers and cargo volumes are anticipated ...
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Co-processing renewables in a hydrocracker
Mar-2023
Understanding and controlling the impact on catalyst performance, yields, and product properties is key to renewables co-processing in hydrocracking u ...
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Run length improvement and emissions reduction in delayed coker heaters
May-2023
For many refineries, the delayed coker unit is a vital component of refinery profitability. The tubes used in delayed coker units foul and must be decoked ...
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In-situ refinery and storage terminal environmental remediation
Jun-2020
In the 1960’s there were five refineries built close to Ingolstadt. The location was central to the major refined products markets in Bavaria. The TAL ...
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Combining Prime-G+® and GT-BTX PluS™ to upgrade a refinery with crucial operating flexibility (TiA)
Feb-2024
The landscape of the petroleum refining industry has undergone a significant transformation in the aftermath of the global pandemic.
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Cost-driven natural gas vs hydrogen power for generators (RI 2023)
Nov-2023
Regulatory policies promoting green hydrogen are accelerating, but natural gas (NG) is far more competitive on a per-cost basis.
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Closed-loop sampling systems can lower fugitive emission levels
Dec-2023
Becoming a net-zero facility is easier with the right grab sampling technology. The goal of most plant operators in today’s environment is to operate ...
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Importance of effective and efficient data analysis and visualisation
Apr-2023
Kit-based ‘out-of-the-box’ dashboard solutions address many industry challenges, both in making better and faster decisions and simplifying and accelerating ...
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The keys to successfully revamping a fired heater: how to maximise value
May-2022
Fired heaters are facing scrutiny because they contribute to the global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). For refineries and ...
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Energy transition: solving a global problem requires a holistic pursuit (ERTC)
Nov-2020
The Covid-19 pandemic has sparked a renewed focus on planning for sustainability and achieving the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement (PCA).
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Catalyst switch solves NOx removal issues
Jun-2021
Changing to a corrugated honeycomb design from a pellet type for catalytic NOx reduction of a furnace’s flue gas stream overcame a series of operational ...
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Rejuvenated catalysts optimise refinery margins in high severity ULSD applications
Jun-2022
Rejuvenated catalysts compare well with fresh catalysts for performance in high pressure ULSD applications with added cost savings.
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Improve energy efficiency of your hydrocracking unit
Aug-2023
Reduced fuel firing in HCU product fractionators enables higher diesel yields and improved product properties while reducing Scope 1 and 2 emissions.
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Jade Ultra-low NOx Tail Gas Thermal Oxidiser Burner
Aug-2012
The Jade burner from UOP Callidus is the first purpose-designed and built Ultra-Low NOx Tail Gas Thermal Oxidiser Burner that delivers ultra-low NOx emissions ...
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Flame interaction and rollover solutions in ethylene cracking furnaces
Apr-2013
During plant expansion or construction of new facilities for olefins plant, it is important to keep in mind the interactions of flame, fuel and lower ...
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Air emissions modeling advances for oil and gas production facilities
Oct-2014
Hydrocarbon processing systems and storage tanks are a significant source of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in the United States.
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Optimization and throughput opportunities at PTT PLC’s amine plant
Jun-2015
Removal of CO2 from natural gas is a necessary treating step before cryogenic processing. At the PTT Public Limited Company Gas Processing Plant 5, the ...
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The journey to sustained profitability
Nov-2020
The refining industry is critical to the world economy, providing essential energy and materials required for global development.
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Removal of NOx from FCCU regenerator vent gases
Apr-1997
Design of FCCUs has traditionally been aimed at optimising process yields and heat recovery, but legislation on emissions from refineries requires changed ...
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Flue gas scrubbing of FCCU regenerator flue gas performance, reliability, and flexibility
Jan-1999
In 1997 Pennzoil Products Company, now Pennzoil-Quaker State Company, brought into operation a new FCCU at their Shreveport, Louisiana refinery.
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Gasification/IGCC to improve refinery operations
Apr-2008
Gasification and IGCC in refineries is discussed in light of increased attention to CO2 emissions and environmental performance.
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Optimise the route to emissions compliance
Aug-2017
Increasingly stringent SO2 emission regulations may demand smart and 
cost-effective alternatives to generic amine based tail gas treating units ...
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FCCU particulate emissions control for the refinery MACT II standard system
Jan-1999
With the anticipated promulgation of the refinery MACT II standard, many refiners are faced with a significant capital expenditure to achieve compliance ...
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Control of air emissions from FCCU regenerator flue gas
Jan-1999
Reduction of air emissions from FCCU regenerator flue gas has become an increasingly important topic.
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Design, operation, and performance of a recently installed wet scrubbing System for Motiva
Jan-1999
The need to reduce SO2 emissions from the FCCU regenerator flue gas is essential for a refinery to minimise its emissions of the pollutant. In 1997 Star ...
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Cost effective revamps to meet the environmental challenge
Jul-2000
Expected legislation in Asia for cleaner transportation fuels face refiners there with a challenge to stay profitable. The new laws can be met in a way ...
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Controlling flue gas emissions
Apr-2002
This article reviews the latest developments in a wet scrubbing system that is used to reduce particulate SO2 and SO3 within one simple process
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LoTOx technology demonstration at Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC’s Refinery In Texas City
Mar-2004
Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC’s (MAP) Texas City, Texas, Refinery conducted a review of several options to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) from its Fluid ...
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Jul-2006
The use of both regenerative and non-regenerative wet scrubbing systems to control the emission of particulate and SO2 is well proven and established
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Ethylene furnace heat flux correlations
Jan-2008
Equations are presented that correlate and predict heat flux as a function of operating, burner and furnace parameters for all major ethylene-cracking ...
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Identifying very small 
equipment leaks
Jan-2008
Very small leaks in feed/effluent exchangers can be identified using chemical tracing. This online technique can detect leaks as low as 5.0 ppm, avoiding ...
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Thwarting fluid-system leaks, saving energy, reducing leaks
Mar-2008
Fluid leakage costs industry millions of dollars every year. For example, a few small leaks in a facility using air at 100 pounds per square inch gauge ...
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Reducing FCC unit 
NOx emissions
Mar-2008
Mechanisms of FCC unit NOx formation and logical steps to minimise these emissions are discussed. Performance examples at each stage of operation using ...
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Cracking heater convection retrofit with integral SCR
Apr-2008
When faced with a state-imposed mandate to reduce NOx emissions from a steam cracker, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP (CPChem) determined that the ...
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Reducing FCC SOx in 
partial-burn regenerators
Apr-2008
Latest developments in SOx-reduction additives are discussed along with their relative merits and appropriate applications
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Analysing economic viability of opportunity crudes
Jul-2008
Challenges to refinery heavy oil upgrades are discussed. Demand for heavy and high-TAN crudes continues to rise as light sweet crude reserves decline. ...
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Industrial design and optimisation of CO2 capture, dehydration and compression facilities
Mar-2009
On an industrial-scale process, a comprehensive engineering design and optimisation study was conducted for CO2 capture, dehydration and compression facilities ...
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Reducing NOx emissions from FCC regenerators
Mar-2009
Case study demonstrates the performance of new technology for reducing NOx emissions in regenerator flue gas. The new developments reduce NOx emissions ...
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Comparison of ideal stage and mass transfer models for separation processes
Apr-2012
The design and optimisation of separation processes is carried out using process simulators that utilise various calculation approaches. Two techniques ...
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Crude preheat fouling control helps reduce CO2 emissions
Apr-2012
Modelling key performance indicators quantifies the impact of fouling in the hot preheat train and helps to identify the benefits of a planned treatment ...
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Optimising pumparound reflux for 
zero-cost energy savings
Apr-2012
By increasing pumparound ratios in principal units, refinery engineers were able to recover energy for process heating and reduce stack emissions
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Combating the threat of mercury
Mar-2012
Emerging legally binding action on mercury emissions highlights the importance of monitoring and quantifying emissions from gas operations
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Crude oil vapour pressure testing
Jan-2012
Vapour pressure testing is an important safety check in the transport, storage and blending of crude oil
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Abatement of hydrogen sulphide 
in asphalt
Jan-2012
Risks of exposure at asphalt loading platforms require reliable monitoring of H2S levels and a programme of abatement using effective chemical scaveng ...
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Future of opportunity crudes processing
Oct-2011
Five critical drivers help refiners remain profitable and sustain long-term business goals while processing relatively inexpensive, low-quality crudes
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Detection of VOCs demands continuous innovation in calibration gases
Oct-2011
With an ever-increasing number of processing plants coming on stream worldwide to keep up with the burgeoning petrochemical industry, the focus on the ...
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Jul-2011
UOP Callidus supplies and installs complete systems and various subsystem components for CO boilers and other FCC related ancillary equipment.
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Preventing environmental excursions on the FCC unit
Jul-2011
Guidelines to enable the FCC engineer to identify and eliminate the root cause of unexpected flue gas emissions
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Speciality gases: essential for research, production and quality control
Jul-2011
Laboratories all around the world stand or fall by their reputation for accuracy and quality control. Pivotal to this performance is the quality, purity ...
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SO2 emission control for resid combustion
Apr-2011
Regenerable and non-regenerable SO2 scrubbing systems for high-sulphur residuum combustion are compared
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Practical hydrocarbon dew point specification for natural gas transmission lines
Mar-2011
Hydrocarbon liquid dropout can cause a number of problems in gas transmission lines, including increased pressure drop, reduced line capacity and equipment ...
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Preparing for a future with more stringent NOx emission requirements
Feb-2011
This paper examines what Indian refiners may want to consider today in preparation for a future that may have more stringent NOx emission requirements ...
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Drivers for zero discharge in refineries
Jan-2011
Wastewater treatment utilising zero-discharge techniques has reduced the impact of effluent discharges
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Energy management: raising profitability, reducing CO2 emissions
Oct-2010
Case studies show how lower energy demand via revamps and improved maintenance can save money and abate CO2 emissions in refinery operations
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Online real-time optimisation helps identify energy gaps
Oct-2010
Real-time supervision of a refinery’s energy system enables optimisation of its fuel consumption and emissions levels
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A step-by-step approach to 
managing emissions
Oct-2010
A comprehensive review of combustion systems and controls underpins a strategy for emissions reduction
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Optimising the FCC regenerator for reduced emissions
Oct-2010
Increasing scrutiny of FCC stack emissions calls for special attention to be paid to the regenerator’s combustion zone
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Reliability analysis to determine environmental emissions from units
Jul-2010
Reliability analysis determines the extent to which plant can meet emission limits and supports estimates of possible financial penalties for non-comp ...
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Process and energy analysis for cost savings and CO2 reduction
Jul-2010
Applying heat pinch technology and process know-how to maximise energy savings. In an increasingly carbon-conscious market, improving energy efficiency ...
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May-2010
Linde Gases is to supply the University of East Anglia (UEA) with a calibration gas at an exceptionally low concentration as part of Project ANDREX.
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Greater environmental protection from monitoring lower levels of contaminents
Apr-2010
A burgeoning world population and the industrialisation necessary to meet its needs have led to massive technological advances in all facets of human ...
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Reducing sulphur oxide emissions from the FCC unit
Feb-2010
Application of a SOx-reduction additive enabled a refiner to meet a pressing requirement to reduce emissions from its FCCU
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Emissions monitoring and detection in the hydrocarbon industry
Feb-2010
Requirements for reducing air pollution emissions have been evolving over the past couple of decades and today are an intricate mix of limits, targets ...